func toString(val any) string {
	switch v := val.(type) {
	case string:
		return v
	default:
		return ""
	}
}

// toLowerString - safely convert interface to lower string
func toLowerString(val any) string {
	return strings.ToLower(toString(val))
}

// toInteger _ Safely convert interface to integer without causing panic.
func toInteger(val any) (int64, error) {

package tests_test

import (
	"testing"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

type Man struct {
	ID     int
	Age    int
	Name   string
	Detail string
}

// Panic-safe BeforeUpdate hook that checks for Changed("age")
func (m *Man) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
	if !tx.Statement.Changed("age") {
		return nil
	}
	return nil
}

func TestSubModel(t *testing.T) {
	man := Man{Age: 18, Name: "random-name"}

// another n bytes. After Grow(n), at least n bytes can be written to the
// buffer without another allocation.
// If n is negative, Grow will panic.
// If the buffer can't grow it will panic with [ErrTooLarge].
func (b *Buffer) Grow(n int) {
	if n < 0 {
		panic("bytes.Buffer.Grow: negative count")
	}
	m := b.grow(n)
	b.buf = b.buf[:m]
}

// Write appends the contents of p to the buffer, growing the buffer as

The [GODEBUG History](#history) gives the exact defaults for each Go toolchain version.
For example, Go 1.21 introduces the `panicnil` setting,
controlling whether `panic(nil)` is allowed;
it defaults to `panicnil=0`, making `panic(nil)` a run-time error.
Using `panicnil=1` restores the behavior of Go 1.20 and earlier.

When compiling a work module or workspace that declares

	}
}

type panicReader struct{ panic bool }

func (r panicReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
	if r.panic {
		panic("oops")
	}
	return 0, io.EOF
}

// Make sure that an empty Buffer remains empty when
// it is "grown" before a Read that panics
func TestReadFromPanicReader(t *testing.T) {

	// First verify non-panic behaviour
	var buf Buffer

			if err := tx.First(&User{}, "name = ?", user.Name).Error; err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("Should find saved record")
			}

			panic("force panic")
		})
	})

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", "transaction-block-3").Error; err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should not find record after panic rollback")
	}
}

func TestTransactionRaiseErrorOnRollbackAfterCommit(t *testing.T) {
	tx := DB.Begin()

	if b.r > 0 {
		copy(b.buf, b.buf[b.r:b.w])
		b.w -= b.r
		b.r = 0
	}

	if b.w >= len(b.buf) {
		panic("bufio: tried to fill full buffer")
	}

	// Read new data: try a limited number of times.
	for i := maxConsecutiveEmptyReads; i > 0; i-- {
		n, err := b.rd.Read(b.buf[b.w:])
		if n < 0 {
			panic(errNegativeRead)
		}
		b.w += n
		if err != nil {
			b.err = err
			return
		}
		if n > 0 {

		return []byte{}
	}

	// Since we cannot return an error on overflow,
	// we should panic if the repeat will generate an overflow.
	// See golang.org/issue/16237.
	if count < 0 {
		panic("bytes: negative Repeat count")
	}
	hi, lo := bits.Mul(uint(len(b)), uint(count))
	if hi > 0 || lo > uint(maxInt) {
		panic("bytes: Repeat output length overflow")
	}
	n := int(lo) // lo = len(b) * count

	if len(b) == 0 {

	if s.scanCalled {
		panic("Buffer called after Scan")
	}
	s.buf = buf[0:cap(buf)]
	s.maxTokenSize = max
}

// Split sets the split function for the [Scanner].
// The default split function is [ScanLines].
//
// Split panics if it is called after scanning has started.
func (s *Scanner) Split(split SplitFunc) {
	if s.scanCalled {
		panic("Split called after Scan")
	}
	s.split = split

}

// serialize will serialize the provided keys and values.
// The function will panic if keys/value slices aren't of equal length.
// Payload size can give an indication of expected payload size.
// If plSize is <= 0 it will be calculated.
func (x *xlMetaInlineData) serialize(plSize int, keys [][]byte, vals [][]byte) {
	if len(keys) != len(vals) {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData.serialize: keys/value number mismatch"))
	}