assertEquals(illegalArgException, exception2.getCause());

        // Test with NullPointerException
        Exception nullPointerException = new NullPointerException("SSO context is null");
        SsoProcessException exception3 = new SsoProcessException(message, nullPointerException);
        assertEquals(nullPointerException, exception3.getCause());
    }

    public void test_getMessage_withEmptyString() {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("list with null root throws NullPointerException")
        void list_withNullRoot_throwsNpe() {
            // Intent: null root is invalid input
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> SmbEnumerationUtil.list(null, "*", 0, null, null));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("listFiles with null root throws NullPointerException")
        void listFiles_withNullRoot_throwsNpe() {

    super.setUp();

    empty = new Target(emptyCollection(), "empty");
    /*
     * We test that nullSingleton.retainAll(disjointList) does NOT throw a
     * NullPointerException when disjointList does not, so we can't use
     * MinimalCollection, which throws NullPointerException on calls to
     * contains(null).
     */
    List<E> disjointList = asList(e3(), e4());
    disjoint = new Target(disjointList, "disjoint");

  @MapFeature.Require(value = SUPPORTS_PUT, absent = ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
  public void testPutAllNullValueNullLast_unsupported() {
    int size = getNumElements();

    assertThrows(
        NullPointerException.class, () -> multimap().putAll(k3(), newArrayList(v3(), null)));

    Collection<V> values = multimap().get(k3());
    if (values.size() == 0) {
      expectUnchanged();

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode should throw NPE on null input")
    void testEncodeNull() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> Base64.encode(null));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("decode should throw NPE on null input")
    void testDecodeNull() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> Base64.decode(null));
    }

            executionOrder.clear();
        }
    }

    // Test class that causes NullPointerException
    private static class NullPointerScoreBooster extends ScoreBooster {
        @Override
        public long process() {
            // This will cause NullPointerException when auto-unboxing
            Long nullValue = null;
            return nullValue;
        }
    }

        try (InputStream stream = cache.getInputStream()) {
            fail("Expected NullPointerException for null data");
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            // Expected - cannot create ByteArrayInputStream with null
        } catch (IOException e) {
            fail("Expected NullPointerException, not IOException");
        }
    }

    @Test

     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test constructor with null configuration throws NullPointerException")
    public void testConstructorWithNullConfig() {
        // Given
        String oldFileName = "old.txt";
        String newFileName = "new.txt";

        // When & Then - should throw NullPointerException
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
            new SmbComRename(null, oldFileName, newFileName);

          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)
          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)

    ImmutableList.Builder<String> builder = ImmutableList.builder();
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> builder.add((String) null));

    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> builder.add((String[]) null));

    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> builder.add("a", null, "b"));
  }

  public void testBuilderAddAllHandlesNullsCorrectly() {
    {