}

    /**
     * Returns whether the content is cached in memory.
     *
     * @return true if the content is in memory, false if it is in a file
     */
    public boolean isInMemory() {
        return data != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the content as a byte array.
     * If the content is cached in memory, a clone of the data is returned.

### Memory per Process { #memory-per-process }

Now, when the program loads things in memory, for example, a machine learning model in a variable, or the contents of a large file in a variable, all that **consumes a bit of the memory (RAM)** of the server.

   * value slightly too high than slightly too low. If the value is not exact, the {@link
   * ImmutableLongArray} that is built will very likely occupy more memory than strictly necessary;
   * to trim memory usage, build using {@code builder.build().trimmed()}.
   */
  public static Builder builder(int initialCapacity) {
    checkArgument(initialCapacity >= 0, "Invalid initialCapacity: %s", initialCapacity);

        // requireNonNull is safe because we always have either `file` or `memory`.
        requireNonNull(memory);
        return new ByteArrayInputStream(memory.getBuffer(), 0, memory.getCount());
      }
    }

    synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
      try {
        close();
      } finally {
        if (memory == null) {
          memory = new MemoryOutput();
        } else {
          memory.reset();

- **`CurlException`**: Unchecked RuntimeException for HTTP errors.

### I/O Layer

- **`ContentCache`**: In-memory or file-based caching. Implements `Closeable` and auto-deletes file cache on close.

- **`ContentOutputStream`**: Extends `DeferredFileOutputStream`. Writes to memory until threshold (default 1MB) exceeded, then spills to temp file.

## Technical Details

- **Java Version**: 17+

All Go pointers passed to C must point to pinned Go memory. Go pointers
passed as function arguments to C functions have the memory they point to
implicitly pinned for the duration of the call. Go memory reachable from
these function arguments must be pinned as long as the C code has access
to it. Whether Go memory is pinned is a dynamic property of that memory
region; it has nothing to do with the type of the pointer.

   * value slightly too high than slightly too low. If the value is not exact, the {@link
   * ImmutableDoubleArray} that is built will very likely occupy more memory than strictly
   * necessary; to trim memory usage, build using {@code builder.build().trimmed()}.
   */
  public static Builder builder(int initialCapacity) {
    checkArgument(initialCapacity >= 0, "Invalid initialCapacity: %s", initialCapacity);

   * value slightly too high than slightly too low. If the value is not exact, the {@link
   * ImmutableIntArray} that is built will very likely occupy more memory than strictly necessary;
   * to trim memory usage, build using {@code builder.build().trimmed()}.
   */
  public static Builder builder(int initialCapacity) {
    checkArgument(initialCapacity >= 0, "Invalid initialCapacity: %s", initialCapacity);

        cos.close();
        assertTrue(file.exists());
    }

    @Test
    public void testThresholdOne() throws IOException {
        // With threshold 1, writing 1 byte should stay in memory
        ContentOutputStream cos = new ContentOutputStream(1, Curl.tmpDir);
        cos.write(new byte[] { 1 });
        assertTrue(cos.isInMemory());
        assertFalse(cos.done);
        cos.close();
    }

 * It also provides a method to check if the authentication matches a given FTP path.
 *
 * <p><b>Security Note:</b> This class stores credentials in memory. For security best practices:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Call {@link #clearCredentials()} after authentication is complete to clear sensitive data from memory</li>
 *   <li>Avoid logging instances of this class as it may expose credentials</li>