* href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained">primitive utilities</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Longs {
  private Longs() {}

  /**
   * The number of bytes required to represent a primitive {@code long} value.
   *
   * <p>Prefer {@link Long#BYTES} instead.
   */
  // The constants value gets inlined here.

    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(ARRAY1, 2L)).isEqualTo(-1);
    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(ARRAY234, 1L)).isEqualTo(-1);
    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(new long[] {-1L}, -1L)).isEqualTo(0);
    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(ARRAY234, 2L)).isEqualTo(0);
    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(ARRAY234, 3L)).isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(Longs.lastIndexOf(ARRAY234, 4L)).isEqualTo(2);

  // Java 2nd Edition Item 76: Write readObject methods defensively.
  private transient AtomicLongArray longs;

  /**
   * Creates a new {@code AtomicDoubleArray} of the given length, with all elements initially zero.
   *
   * @param length the length of the array
   */
  public AtomicDoubleArray(int length) {
    this.longs = new AtomicLongArray(length);
  }

  /**

    Converter<Long, String> reverseConverter = Longs.stringConverter().reverse();
    SerializableTester.reserializeAndAssert(reverseConverter);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // J2CL generics problem
  public void testSerialization_andThen() {
    Converter<String, Long> converterA = Longs.stringConverter();
    Converter<Long, String> reverseConverter = Longs.stringConverter().reverse();

            ListTestSuiteBuilder.using(new LongsAsListTailSubListGenerator())
                .named("Longs.asList, tail subList"),
            ListTestSuiteBuilder.using(new LongsAsListMiddleSubListGenerator())
                .named("Longs.asList, middle subList"));

    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();
    for (ListTestSuiteBuilder<Long> builder : builders) {
      suite.addTest(
          builder

  public static final long MAX_VALUE = -1L; // Equivalent to 2^64 - 1

  /**
   * A (self-inverse) bijection which converts the ordering on unsigned longs to the ordering on
   * longs, that is, {@code a <= b} as unsigned longs if and only if {@code flip(a) <= flip(b)} as
   * signed longs.
   */
  private static long flip(long a) {
    return a ^ Long.MIN_VALUE;
  }

  /**

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;

import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.common.primitives.Shorts;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**

import static java.lang.Byte.toUnsignedInt;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.Immutable;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;

import static java.lang.Byte.toUnsignedInt;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.Immutable;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;

    List<Long> longs = Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L);
    List<Double> doubles = Arrays.asList(0.0, 1.0, 2.0);

    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(bytes)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(shorts)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(ints)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(floats)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(longs)).isEqualTo(array);