assertEquals(ASCII, Files.toString(asciiFile, US_ASCII));
    assertEquals(I18N, Files.toString(i18nFile, UTF_8));
    assertThat(Files.toString(i18nFile, US_ASCII)).isNotEqualTo(I18N);
  }

  public void testWriteString() throws IOException {
    File temp = createTempFile();
    Files.write(I18N, temp, UTF_16LE);
    assertEquals(I18N, Files.toString(temp, UTF_16LE));
  }

  // A simple type whose .toString() will return the same value each time, but without maintaining
  // a strong reference to that value.
  static class Key {
    private final int value;
    private WeakReference<String> toString;

    Key(int value) {
      this.value = value;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized String toString() {
      String s;
      if (toString != null) {

    // Two futures should not have the same toString, to avoid people asserting on it
    assertThat(SettableFuture.create().toString()).isNotEqualTo(SettableFuture.create().toString());
  }

  public void testToString_oom() throws Exception {
    SettableFuture<Object> future = SettableFuture.create();
    future.set(
        new Object() {
          @Override
          public String toString() {
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();

                functionalTestExtraParameters(
                    listOf(FUNCTIONAL_TEST_TAG),
                    testCoverage.os,
                    testCoverage.arch,
                    testCoverage.testJvmVersion.major.toString(),
                    testCoverage.vendor.name.lowercase(),
                ),
                "-PflakyTests=${FlakyTestStrategy.EXCLUDE}",
                extraParameters,

  }

  /**
   * Returns a human-readable string representation of {@code type}.
   *
   * <p>The format is subject to change.
   */
  static String toString(Type type) {
    return (type instanceof Class) ? ((Class<?>) type).getName() : type.toString();
  }

  static @Nullable Type getComponentType(Type type) {
    checkNotNull(type);
    AtomicReference<@Nullable Type> result = new AtomicReference<>();

  // A simple type whose .toString() will return the same value each time, but without maintaining
  // a strong reference to that value.
  static class Key {
    private final int value;
    private WeakReference<String> toString;

    Key(int value) {
      this.value = value;
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized String toString() {
      String s;
      if (toString != null) {

      assertThat(unsignedValue.toString()).isEqualTo(unsignedValue.bigIntegerValue().toString());
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // too slow
  public void testToStringRadix() {
    for (int radix = Character.MIN_RADIX; radix <= Character.MAX_RADIX; radix++) {
      for (long l : TEST_LONGS) {
        UnsignedLong value = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(l);

    assertEquals(":102", HostAndPort.fromString(":102").toString());
    assertEquals("[1::2]:103", HostAndPort.fromParts("1::2", 103).toString());
    assertEquals("[::1]:104", HostAndPort.fromString("[::1]:104").toString());

    // Without ports.
    assertEquals("foo", "" + HostAndPort.fromString("foo"));
    assertEquals("", HostAndPort.fromString("").toString());

    assertEquals(":102", HostAndPort.fromString(":102").toString());
    assertEquals("[1::2]:103", HostAndPort.fromParts("1::2", 103).toString());
    assertEquals("[::1]:104", HostAndPort.fromString("[::1]:104").toString());

    // Without ports.
    assertEquals("foo", "" + HostAndPort.fromString("foo"));
    assertEquals("", HostAndPort.fromString("").toString());

      assertThat(unsignedValue.toString()).isEqualTo(unsignedValue.bigIntegerValue().toString());
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // too slow
  public void testToStringRadix() {
    for (int radix = Character.MIN_RADIX; radix <= Character.MAX_RADIX; radix++) {
      for (long l : TEST_LONGS) {
        UnsignedLong value = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(l);