* **TCP no sabe acerca de "dominios"**. Solo sobre direcciones IP.
    * La información sobre el **dominio específico** solicitado va en los **datos HTTP**.
* Los **certificados HTTPS** "certifican" un **cierto dominio**, pero el protocolo y la encriptación ocurren a nivel de TCP, **antes de saber** con cuál dominio se está tratando.
* **Por defecto**, eso significaría que solo puedes tener **un certificado HTTPS por dirección IP**.

            @SuppressWarnings("resource")
            final BOMInputStream bomIn = new BOMInputStream(bis, false, ByteOrderMark.UTF_8, ByteOrderMark.UTF_16BE, ByteOrderMark.UTF_16LE,
                    ByteOrderMark.UTF_32BE, ByteOrderMark.UTF_32LE, BOM_UTF_7);
            if (bomIn.hasBOM()) {
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("BOM: {}", bomIn.getBOMCharsetName());
                }

* **O TCP não sabe sobre "domínios"**. Apenas sobre endereços IP.
    * As informações sobre o **domínio solicitado** vão nos **dados HTTP**.
* Os **certificados HTTPS** “certificam” um **determinado domínio**, mas o protocolo e a encriptação acontecem ao nível do TCP, **antes de sabermos** de que domínio se trata.
* **Por padrão**, isso significa que você só pode ter **um certificado HTTPS por endereço IP**.

            startAnotherThread()
          }

          return readyTask
        }

        // Notify the coordinator of a task that's coming up soon.
        coordinatorWaiting -> {
          if (minDelayNanos < coordinatorWakeUpAt - now) {
            backend.coordinatorNotify(this@TaskRunner)
          }
          return null
        }

          state = STATE_READ_RESPONSE_HEADERS
          responseBuilder
        }
        statusLine.code in (102 until 200) -> {
          // Processing and Early Hints will mean a second headers are coming.
          // Treat others the same for now
          state = STATE_READ_RESPONSE_HEADERS
          responseBuilder
        }
        else -> {
          state = STATE_OPEN_RESPONSE_BODY

![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)

* Tẹ bọtini "Gbiyanju rẹ" i.e. "Try it out", yóò gbà ọ́ láàyè láti jẹ́ kí ó tẹ́ àlàyé tí ó nílò kí ó le sọ̀rọ̀ tààrà pẹ̀lú API:

![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)

* request body: request body (do not translate to "cuerpo de la petición")
* response body: response body (do not translate to "cuerpo de la respuesta")
* cross domain: cross domain (do not translate to "dominio cruzado")
* cross origin: cross origin (do not translate to "origen cruzado")
* plugin: plugin (do not translate to "complemento" or "extensión")
* plug-in: plug-in (do not translate to "complemento" or "extensión")

# Testing a Database { #testing-a-database }

You can study about databases, SQL, and SQLModel in the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel docs</a>. 🤓

There's a mini <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/tutorial/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">tutorial on using SQLModel with FastAPI</a>. ✨

## Pydantic `Settings` { #pydantic-settings }

Fortunately, Pydantic provides a great utility to handle these settings coming from environment variables with <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic: Settings management</a>.

    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.
    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
    * Cookies.
    * Headers.
    * Forms.
    * Files.