# Benchmarks { #benchmarks }

Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI).

package com.google.common.hash;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for comparing {@link MessageDigest}s and {@link com.google.common.hash.HashFunction}s

package com.google.common.hash;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for comparing {@link MessageDigest}s and {@link com.google.common.hash.HashFunction}s

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.caliper.api.VmOptions;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for {@link CharStreams#copy}.
 *

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.caliper.api.VmOptions;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.common.collect.ContiguousSet;
import com.google.common.collect.DiscreteDomain;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/** Benchmarks some algorithms providing the same functionality as {@link Quantiles}. */

 */

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for {@link Monitor}.
 *
 * @author Justin T. Sampson
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class MonitorBenchmark {

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks against the Apache Commons Math utilities.
 *
 * <p>Note: the Apache benchmarks are not open sourced to avoid the extra dependency.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@NullUnmarked

Check more details in the [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} section.

///

## Benchmarks and speed { #benchmarks-and-speed }

  }

  @Benchmark
  @Footprint(exclude = Element.class)
  public Map<Element, Element> create() throws Exception {
    return mapsImpl.create(contents);
  }

  @Benchmark
  public int iterate() {
    long retVal = 0;
    for (Object entry : map.entrySet()) {
      retVal += entry.hashCode();
    }
    return (int) retVal;
  }

  @Benchmark
  public int keyIterate() {