if backoff < 1 || backoff > 2 {
			t.Errorf("backoff out of range: %d", backoff)
		}
	}

	// negative jitter, shall be a fixed backoff
	backoffMgr = NewJitteredBackoffManager(1, -1, testingclock.NewFakeClock(time.Now()))
	backoff := backoffMgr.(*jitteredBackoffManagerImpl).getNextBackoff()
	if backoff != 1 {
		t.Errorf("backoff should be 1, but got %d", backoff)
	}
}

		if len(newFailedPods) == 0 {
			return *backoff
		}

		backoff.failuresAfterLastSuccess = backoff.failuresAfterLastSuccess + int32(len(newFailedPods))
		lastFailureTime := getFinishedTime(newFailedPods[len(newFailedPods)-1])
		backoff.lastFailureTime = &lastFailureTime
		return *backoff

	} else {
		if len(newFailedPods) == 0 {
			backoff.failuresAfterLastSuccess = 0
			backoff.lastFailureTime = nil
			return *backoff

				failuresAfterLastSuccess: 0,
			},
		},
		"Empty backoff store with no success/failure": {
			storeInitializer: emptyStoreInitializer,
			newSucceededPods: []metav1.Time{},
			newFailedPods:    []metav1.Time{},
			wantBackoffRecord: backoffRecord{
				key:                      "key",
				failuresAfterLastSuccess: 0,
			},
		},
		"Empty backoff store with one success": {
			storeInitializer: emptyStoreInitializer,

}

// imageManager provides the functionalities for image pulling.
type imageManager struct {
	recorder     record.EventRecorder
	imageService kubecontainer.ImageService
	backOff      *flowcontrol.Backoff
	// It will check the presence of the image, and report the 'image pulling', image pulled' events correspondingly.
	puller imagePuller

	podPullingTimeRecorder ImagePodPullingTimeRecorder
}

                            if (fileLockContentionHandler.maybePingOwner(lockInfo.port, lockInfo.lockId, displayName, backoff.getTimer().getElapsedMillis() - lastPingTime, backoff.getSignal())) {
                                lastPingTime = backoff.getTimer().getElapsedMillis();

                    LOGGER.debug("Error while accessing remote repository {}. Waiting {}ms before next retry. {} retries left", repositoryName, backoff, maxTentativesCount - retries, failure);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(backoff);
                        backoff *= 2;
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        throw UncheckedException.throwAsUncheckedException(e);

	DenyCacheTTL time.Duration

	// WebhookRetryBackoff specifies the backoff parameters for the authorization webhook retry logic.
	// This allows us to configure the sleep time at each iteration and the maximum number of retries allowed
	// before we fail the webhook call in order to limit the fan out that ensues when the system is degraded.
	WebhookRetryBackoff *wait.Backoff
}

	maxControlledAttrCacheSize = 10000
)

// DefaultRetryBackoff returns the default backoff parameters for webhook retry.
func DefaultRetryBackoff() *wait.Backoff {
	backoff := webhook.DefaultRetryBackoffWithInitialDelay(500 * time.Millisecond)
	return &backoff
}

// Ensure Webhook implements the authorizer.Authorizer interface.
var _ authorizer.Authorizer = (*WebhookAuthorizer)(nil)

	StartedContainer        = "Started"
	FailedToCreateContainer = "Failed"
	FailedToStartContainer  = "Failed"
	KillingContainer        = "Killing"
	PreemptContainer        = "Preempting"
	BackOffStartContainer   = "BackOff"
	ExceededGracePeriod     = "ExceededGracePeriod"
)

// Pod event reason list
const (
	FailedToKillPod                = "FailedKillPod"
	FailedToCreatePodContainer     = "FailedCreatePodContainer"

//     activeQ when their backoff periods complete.
//   - unschedulablePods holds pods that were already attempted for scheduling and
//     are currently determined to be unschedulable.
type PriorityQueue struct {
	*nominator

	stop  chan struct{}
	clock clock.Clock

	// pod initial backoff duration.
	podInitialBackoffDuration time.Duration
	// pod maximum backoff duration.