* @param operation the operation name
     * @throws ArithmeticException if operation would overflow
     */
    public static void validateIntegerAddition(int a, int b, String operation) {
        long result = (long) a + (long) b;
        if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new ArithmeticException(operation + " would cause integer overflow: " + a + " + " + b);
        }
    }

        assertEquals(100, InputValidator.safeAdd(50, 50));
        assertEquals(0, InputValidator.safeAdd(-50, 50));

        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> InputValidator.safeAdd(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 1));
        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> InputValidator.safeAdd(Integer.MIN_VALUE, -1));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test safe integer multiplication")