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    SetMultimap<String, Integer> multimap = initializeMultimap5();

    assertThat(multimap.replaceValues("foo", asList(6, 7))).containsExactly(5, 3).inOrder();
    assertThat(multimap.keySet()).containsExactly("foo", "bar", "cow").inOrder();
    assertThat(multimap.removeAll("foo")).containsExactly(6, 7).inOrder();
    assertThat(multimap.keySet()).containsExactly("bar", "cow").inOrder();
    assertTrue(multimap.remove("bar", 4));

Aber wenn Sie wollen, dass ein Query-Parameter erforderlich ist, vergeben Sie einfach keinen Defaultwert:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

Hier ist `needy` ein erforderlicher Query-Parameter vom Typ `str`.

Wenn Sie in Ihrem Browser eine URL wie:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

## 必选查询参数 { #required-query-parameters }

为不是路径参数的参数声明默认值（至此，仅有查询参数），该参数就不是必选的了。

如果只想把参数设为可选，但又不想指定参数的值，则要把默认值设为 `None`。

如果要把查询参数设置为必选，就不要声明默认值：

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

这里的查询参数 `needy` 是类型为 `str` 的必选查询参数。

在浏览器中打开如下 URL：

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...因为路径中没有必选参数 `needy`，返回的响应中会显示如下错误信息：

```JSON
{
  "detail": [

Ancak bir query parametresini zorunlu yapmak istediğinizde, herhangi bir varsayılan değer tanımlamamanız yeterlidir:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

Burada query parametresi `needy`, `str` tipinde zorunlu bir query parametresidir.

Tarayıcınızda şöyle bir URL açarsanız:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

Pero cuando quieres hacer un parámetro de query requerido, simplemente no declares ningún valor por defecto:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

Aquí el parámetro de query `needy` es un parámetro de query requerido de tipo `str`.

Si abres en tu navegador una URL como:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

Porém, quando você quiser fazer com que o parâmetro de consulta seja obrigatório, você pode simplesmente não declarar nenhum valor como padrão.

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

Aqui o parâmetro da consulta `needy` é um valor obrigatório, do tipo `str`.

Se você abrir no seu navegador a URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

## 必填查詢參數 { #required-query-parameters }

當你為非路徑參數（目前我們只看到查詢參數）宣告了預設值時，它就不是必填。

若你不想提供特定預設值、只想讓它為選填，將預設值設為 `None`。

但若你要讓查詢參數成為必填，只要不要宣告任何預設值：

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py310.py hl[6:7] *}

此處查詢參數 `needy` 是必填的 `str`。

如果你在瀏覽器中開啟如下的 URL：

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...沒有加上必填的 `needy` 參數，你會看到類似這樣的錯誤：

```JSON
{
  "detail": [
    {