## Crafting a Quality PR

A strong MinIO PR:
- Delivers a complete, valuable change (feature, bug fix, or improvement).
- Has a concise title (e.g., `[S3] Fix bucket policy parsing #1234`) and a summary with context, referencing issues (e.g., `#1234`).
- Contains well-written, logical commits explaining *why* changes were made (e.g., “Add S3 bucket tagging support so that users can organize resources efficiently”).

        assertTrue(message.contains(description));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getErrorString for unknown error class")
    void testUnknownErrorClass() {
        int unknownClass = 1234;
        String expected = "unknown error class: 1234";
        assertEquals(expected, NbtException.getErrorString(unknownClass, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Constructor sets fields and message correctly")
    void testConstructor() {

    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, -4, new byte[] {2, 3, 1});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, -3, new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, -2, new byte[] {3, 1, 2});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, -1, new byte[] {2, 3, 1});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, 0, new byte[] {1, 2, 3});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1, 2, 3}, 1, new byte[] {3, 1, 2});

		t.Error(err)
	}

	thing := Thing{
		SomeID:  "1234",
		OtherID: "1234",
		Data:    "something",
	}

	DB.Create(&thing)

	thing2 := Thing{
		SomeID:  "1234",
		OtherID: "1234",
		Data:    "something else",
	}

	result := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
		OnConstraint: "some_id_other_id_unique",

  }

  public void testBadDomains() {
    for (String spec : BAD_DOMAINS) {
      assertBad(spec);
    }
  }

  public void testEquality() {
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(spec("1.2.3.4"), spec("1.2.3.4"))
        .addEqualityGroup(spec("2001:db8::1"), spec("2001:db8::1"), spec("[2001:db8::1]"))
        .addEqualityGroup(spec("2001:db8::2"))
        .addEqualityGroup(spec("google.com"), spec("google.com"))

    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 0, new char[] {'1', '2', '3'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 1, new char[] {'3', '1', '2'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 2, new char[] {'2', '3', '1'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 3, new char[] {'1', '2', '3'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 4, new char[] {'3', '1', '2'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1', '2', '3'}, 5, new char[] {'2', '3', '1'});

  }

  public void testInt() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(4);
    sink.putInt(0x04030201);
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(4);
    sink.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4});
  }

  public void testLong() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(8);
    sink.putLong(0x0807060504030201L);
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(8);

    void testUrlCreationWithHandler() throws Exception {
        // Act - Create various SMB URLs using the handler
        URL url1 = new URL(null, "smb://host/share", handler);
        URL url2 = new URL(null, "smb://host:1234/share/file.txt", handler);
        URL url3 = new URL(null, "smb://user:pass@host/share", handler);

        // Assert - Verify URL components
        assertEquals("smb", url1.getProtocol());

    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3}, 1, new double[] {3, 1, 2});
    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3}, 2, new double[] {2, 3, 1});
    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3}, 3, new double[] {1, 2, 3});
    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3}, 4, new double[] {3, 1, 2});
    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3}, 5, new double[] {2, 3, 1});

    testRotate(new double[] {1, 2, 3, 4}, -9, new double[] {2, 3, 4, 1});

        final SQLRuntimeException sqlRuntimeException = new SQLRuntimeException(sqlException);

        // ## Act ##
        final String message = sqlRuntimeException.getMessage();

        // ## Assert ##
        System.out.println(message);
        assertContains(message, "ErrorCode=1234");
        assertContains(message, "SQLState=barState");