BigInteger result;
    do {
      result = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(numBits);
    } while (result.signum() == 0);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Generates a number in [0, 2^numBits) with an exponential distribution. The floor of the log2 of
   * the result is chosen uniformly at random in [0, numBits), and then the result is chosen in that
   * range uniformly at random. Zero is treated as having log2 == 0.

    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().contains("connected");
    expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> range.intersection(Range.closed(0, 2)));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().contains("connected");
  }

  public void testIntersection_deFactoEmpty() {
    {
      Range<Integer> range = Range.open(3, 4);

              "00010000003b00102a032880f0290011faceb00c00000002"
          ).decodeHex(),
      )
    assertThat(decoded)
      .containsExactly(InetAddress.getByName("2a03:2880:f029:11:face:b00c:0:2"))
  }

  @Test
  fun testGoogleDotComDecodingNxdomainFailure() {
    assertFailsWith<UnknownHostException> {
      decodeAnswers(
        hostname = "sdflkhfsdlkjdf.ee",
        byteString =
          (

    requestBody = byteArrayOf(0, 1).toRequestBody(null, 0, 2)
    requestBody = byteArrayOf(0, 1).toRequestBody("".toMediaTypeOrNull(), 0, 2)
    requestBody = byteArrayOf(0, 1).toRequestBody(null, 0, 2)
    requestBody = byteArrayOf(0, 1).toRequestBody("".toMediaTypeOrNull(), 0, 2)
    requestBody = File("").asRequestBody(null)
    requestBody = File("").asRequestBody("".toMediaTypeOrNull())

    BigInteger result;
    do {
      result = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(numBits);
    } while (result.signum() == 0);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Generates a number in [0, 2^numBits) with an exponential distribution. The floor of the log2 of
   * the result is chosen uniformly at random in [0, numBits), and then the result is chosen in that
   * range uniformly at random. Zero is treated as having log2 == 0.

    assertThat(iia1.subArray(1, 1)).isSameInstanceAs(ImmutableLongArray.of());
    assertThat(iia1.subArray(0, 1).asList()).containsExactly(5L);
    assertThat(iia3.subArray(0, 2).asList()).containsExactly(5L, 25L).inOrder();
    assertThat(iia3.subArray(1, 3).asList()).containsExactly(25L, 125L).inOrder();

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(-1, 1));

    assertThat(limiter.acquire())
        .isWithin(EPSILON)
        .of(0.0); // R0.00, ...which is granted immediately
    assertThat(limiter.acquire()).isWithin(EPSILON).of(0.2); // R0.20
    assertEvents("R0.00", "U0.20", "R0.00", "R0.20");
  }

  public void testSimpleAcquireEarliestAvailableIsInPast() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(5.0, stopwatch);

    assertThat(limiter.acquire())
        .isWithin(EPSILON)
        .of(0.0); // R0.00, ...which is granted immediately
    assertThat(limiter.acquire()).isWithin(EPSILON).of(0.2); // R0.20
    assertEvents("R0.00", "U0.20", "R0.00", "R0.20");
  }

  public void testSimpleAcquireEarliestAvailableIsInPast() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(5.0, stopwatch);

    assertThat(iia1.subArray(1, 1)).isSameInstanceAs(ImmutableDoubleArray.of());
    assertThat(iia1.subArray(0, 1).asList()).containsExactly(5.0);
    assertThat(iia3.subArray(0, 2).asList()).containsExactly(5.0, 25.0).inOrder();
    assertThat(iia3.subArray(1, 3).asList()).containsExactly(25.0, 125.0).inOrder();

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(-1, 1));

  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = {ZERO, ONE})
  public void testSubList_ofSubListNonEmpty() {
    List<E> subList = getList().subList(0, 2).subList(1, 2);
    assertEquals(
        "subList(0, 2).subList(1, 2) "
            + "should be a single-element list of the element at index 1",
        singletonList(getOrderedElements().get(1)),
        subList);
  }