* underlying model is a continuous function mapping storedPermits (from 0.0 to maxStoredPermits)
   * onto the 1/rate (i.e. intervals) that is effective at the given storedPermits. "storedPermits"
   * essentially measure unused time; we spend unused time buying/storing permits. Rate is
   * "permits / time", thus "1 / rate = time / permits". Thus, "1/rate" (time / permits) times

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

   * we change the rate.
   */
  public void testWeNeverGetABurstMoreThanOneSec() {
    RateLimiter limiter = RateLimiter.create(1.0, stopwatch);
    int[] rates = {1000, 1, 10, 1000000, 10, 1};
    for (int rate : rates) {
      int oneSecWorthOfWork = rate;
      stopwatch.sleepMillis(rate * 1000);
      limiter.setRate(rate);

    public void formatRate(MessageBuilder builder, double rate) {
        // Handle invalid rates gracefully (including negative values)
        if (Double.isNaN(rate) || Double.isInfinite(rate) || rate < 0) {
            builder.append("? B/s");
            return;
        }

        ScaleUnit unit = ScaleUnit.getScaleUnit(Math.round(rate));
        double scaledRate = rate / unit.bytes();

          },
          "exemplar": true,
          "expr": "sum by (server) (rate(minio_s3_traffic_received_bytes{job=~\"$scrape_jobs\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "interval": "1m",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "Data Received [{{server}}]",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "S3 API Ingress Rate ",
      "type": "timeseries"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {

		"Average replication data transfer rate in bytes/sec")
	replicationCurrentActiveWorkersMD = NewGaugeMD(replicationCurrentActiveWorkers,
		"Total number of active replication workers")
	replicationCurrentDataTransferRateMD = NewGaugeMD(replicationCurrentDataTransferRate,
		"Current replication data transfer rate in bytes/sec")
	replicationLastMinuteQueuedBytesMD = NewGaugeMD(replicationLastMinuteQueuedBytes,

package bandwidth

//go:generate msgp -file=$GOFILE -unexported

import (
	"context"
	"slices"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
)

//msgp:ignore bucketThrottle Monitor

type bucketThrottle struct {
	*rate.Limiter
	NodeBandwidthPerSec int64
}

// Monitor holds the state of the global bucket monitor
type Monitor struct {
	tlock sync.RWMutex // mutex for bucket throttling

    @Test
    void testFormatRateEdgeCases() {
        FileSizeFormat format = new FileSizeFormat();

        // Test zero rate
        MessageBuilder builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 0.0);
        assertEquals("0.0 B/s", builder.build());

        // Test rate at exactly 1000 (1 kB/s)
        builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 1000.0);

  int maximumSize;

  @Param("5000")
  int distinctKeys;

  @Param("4")
  int segments;

  // 1 means uniform likelihood of keys; higher means some keys are more popular
  // tweak this to control hit rate
  @Param("2.5")
  double concentration;

  Random random = new Random();

  LoadingCache<Integer, Integer> cache;

  int max;

  static AtomicLong requests = new AtomicLong(0);

          },
          "exemplar": true,
          "expr": "sum by (bucket) (rate(minio_bucket_traffic_sent_bytes{job=~\"$scrape_jobs\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "interval": "1m",
          "intervalFactor": 2,
          "legendFormat": "Data Sent [{{bucket}}]",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Total Data Sent Rate",
      "type": "timeseries"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {