task.getInputEncoding().convention(Charset.defaultCharset().name());
            task.getOutputEncoding().convention(Charset.defaultCharset().name());

            task.getMarkdownFile().convention(extension.getReleaseNotes().getMarkdownFile());
            task.getDestinationFile().convention(extension.getStagingRoot().file("release-notes/raw.html"));
        });

            userManual.getRoot().convention(extension.getSourceRoot().dir("userguide"));
            userManual.getStagingRoot().convention(extension.getStagingRoot().dir("usermanual"));
            // TODO: These should be generated too
            userManual.getSnippets().convention(layout.getProjectDirectory().dir("src/snippets"));
            userManual.getSamples().convention(layout.getProjectDirectory().dir("src/samples"));

When defining conventions for a property, there are largely three approaches:
1. Do not set a convention at all
2. Set a convention in a plugin
3. Set a convention in a constructor

Most properties should have a convention set, so (1) can be treated as a rare case where a value must be provided by a user.

            task.into(extension.getDocumentationRenderedRoot());
        });

        extension.getSourceRoot().convention(layout.getProjectDirectory().dir("src/docs"));
        extension.getDocumentationRenderedRoot().convention(layout.getBuildDirectory().dir("docs"));
        extension.getStagingRoot().convention(layout.getBuildDirectory().dir("working"));

        ConfigurableFileTree css = objects.fileTree();

plugins {
    java
    id("gradlebuild.dependency-modules")
    id("gradlebuild.jvm-compile")
}

extensions.create<IntegrationTestExtension>("integTest").apply {
    generateDefaultAutoTestedSamplesTest.convention(true)
    testJvmXmx.convention("512m")
}

val sourceSet = sourceSets.create("${TestType.INTEGRATION.prefix}Test")
jvmCompile {
    addCompilationFrom(sourceSet)
}
addDependenciesAndConfigurations(TestType.INTEGRATION.prefix)

    @get:Input
    abstract val excludes: ListProperty<String>

    @get:Input
    abstract val includes: ListProperty<String>

    init {
        excludes.convention(DEFAULT_EXCLUDES)
        includes.convention(DEFAULT_INCLUDES)
    }

    @TaskAction
    fun generate() {
        IoActions.writeTextFile(outputFile.asFile.get(), object : ErroringAction<BufferedWriter>() {

plugins {
    id("com.gradle.develocity").version("4.3") // Run `java build-logic-settings/UpdateDevelocityPluginVersion.java <new-version>` to update
    id("io.github.gradle.develocity-conventions-plugin").version("0.12.1")
    id("org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention").version("1.0.0")
}

include("build-environment")
include("configuration-cache-compatibility")

    val generateSampleTask = project.tasks.register<GenerateSample>("generateSample${sampleName.capitalize()}") {
        readmeTemplates.convention(layout.projectDirectory.dir("src/samples/readme-templates"))
        target.convention(layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated-samples/$buildInitType" + if (modularizationOption.isMulti()) "-with-libraries" else ""))
        type = buildInitType

}

kotlin {
    compilerOptions {
        allWarningsAsErrors = true
        jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_1_8)
    }
}

detekt {
    // overwrite the config file's location
    config.convention(project.isolated.rootProject.projectDirectory.file("../gradle/detekt.yml"))

        "MissingSummary", // We have another mechanism to check Javadocs on public API
        "StringSplitter", // We are fine with using String.split() as is
    )

    nullawayEnabled.convention(false)
}

nullaway {
    // NullAway can use NullMarked instead, but for the adoption process it is more effective to assume that all gradle code is already annotated.