- **Composite**: NormalizerChain, ReadingConverterChain
- **Strategy**: Normalizer, ReadingConverter, ContentsParser
- **Deferred/Promise**: Async operations

### Index Alias Strategy

Zero-downtime index updates using dual aliases:

```
Index Naming: {baseIndex}.{timestamp}
Example:      my-suggest.20250123120000

Aliases:
├── Search Alias: {baseIndex}          (read operations)

- [Topology Manager](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/693), a new Kubelet component, aims to co-ordinate resource assignment decisions to provide optimized resource allocations.
- [IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack) enables the allocation of both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to Pods and Services.

- kube-apiserver: Fixes an issue updating the default ServiceCIDR API object and creating dual-stack Service API objects when `--service-cluster-ip-range` flag passed to kube-apiserver is changed from single-stack to dual-stack. ([#131263](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/131263), [@aojea](https://github.com/aojea)) [SIG API Machinery, Network and Testing]

- Fixed a bug with dual stack clusters using the beta feature MultiCIDRServiceAllocator which could not create dual stack Services or Services with IPs in the secondary range. Users who wanted to use this feature in version 1.30 with dual stack clusters could work around the issue by setting the feature gate DisableAllocatorDualWrite to true. ([#127598](https://github.com/kube...

- The `CloudDualStackNodeIPs` feature is now `beta`, meaning that when using
  an external cloud provider that has been updated to support the feature,
  you can pass comma-separated dual-stack `--node-ips` to `kubelet` and have
  the cloud provider take both IPs into account. ([#120275](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/120275), [@danwinship](https://github.com/danwinship))

- Fixed an issue in the Windows kube-proxy (winkernel) where IPv4 and IPv6 Service load balancers could be incorrectly shared, causing broken dual-stack Service behavior. The kube-proxy now tracks load balancers per IP family, enabling correct support for PreferDualStack and RequireDualStack Services on Windows nodes. ([#136241](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/136241), [@prince...

- Graduated HorizontalPodAutoscaler support for per-container metrics to stable. ([#123482](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/123482), [@sanposhiho](https://github.com/sanposhiho))

- KEP-1880: Users of the new feature to add multiple service CIDR will use by default a dual-write strategy on the new ClusterIP allocators to avoid the problem of possible duplicate IPs allocated to Services when running skewed kube-apiservers using different allocators. They can opt-out of this behavior by enabled the feature gate Disab...

- By enabling the alpha `CloudNodeIPs` feature gate in kubelet and the cloud
  provider, you can now specify a dual-stack `--node-ip` value (when using an

- Users will no longer see an error for failed events caused due to terminating namespace. ([#114849](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/114849), [@padlar](https://github.com/padlar)) [SIG API Machinery]