// Test with a positive value
        buffer.putShort(0, (short) 0x1234);
        assertEquals(0x1234, NtlmMessage.readUShort(data, 0), "Should read positive UShort correctly.");

        // Test with zero
        buffer.putShort(0, (short) 0);
        assertEquals(0, NtlmMessage.readUShort(data, 0), "Should read zero UShort correctly.");

        // Test with max short value (unsigned interpretation)

        dest[offset + 3] = (byte) (ulong >> 24 & 0xff);
    }

    static void writeUShort(final byte[] dest, final int offset, final int ushort) {
        dest[offset] = (byte) (ushort & 0xff);
        dest[offset + 1] = (byte) (ushort >> 8 & 0xff);
    }

    static int writeSecurityBuffer(final byte[] dest, final int offset, final byte[] src) {
        final int length = src != null ? src.length : 0;

        dest[offset + 3] = (byte) (ulong >> 24 & 0xff);
    }

    static void writeUShort(final byte[] dest, final int offset, final int ushort) {
        dest[offset] = (byte) (ushort & 0xff);
        dest[offset + 1] = (byte) (ushort >> 8 & 0xff);
    }

    static void writeSecurityBuffer(final byte[] dest, final int offset, final int bodyOffset, final byte[] src) {

        assertEquals(0xBBAA, result, "UShort should be little‑endian");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readUShort throws on too short array")
    void testReadUShortOutOfBounds() {
        byte[] a = new byte[] { 0x02 };
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -\u003e NtlmMessage.readUShort(a, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readULong throws on too short array")
    void testReadULongOutOfBounds() {

   * Returns the {@code short} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code short} type
   * @return the {@code short} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} or
   *     less than {@link Short#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static short checkedCast(long value) {
    short result = (short) value;

   * Returns the {@code short} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code short} type
   * @return the {@code short} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} or
   *     less than {@link Short#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static short checkedCast(long value) {
    short result = (short) value;

  public Hasher putBytes(ByteBuffer bytes) {
    update(bytes);
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public Hasher putShort(short s) {
    ByteBuffer scratch = scratch();
    scratch.putShort(s);
    return update(scratch, Shorts.BYTES);
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public Hasher putInt(int i) {
    ByteBuffer scratch = scratch();
    scratch.putInt(i);

            bb.putShort((short) 20); // pathConsumed
            bb.putShort((short) 1); // numReferrals
            bb.putShort((short) 15); // tflags
            bb.putShort((short) 0); // tflags high bytes

            // Simple v1 referral
            bb.putShort((short) 1); // version
            bb.putShort((short) 16); // size
            bb.putShort((short) 1); // serverType

      Short[] suffix = {(short) 86, (short) 99};
      Short[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return asList(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

  private static Short[] concat(Short[] left, Short[] right) {
    Short[] result = new Short[left.length + right.length];
    System.arraycopy(left, 0, result, 0, left.length);
    System.arraycopy(right, 0, result, left.length, right.length);

      Short[] suffix = {(short) 86, (short) 99};
      Short[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return asList(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

  private static Short[] concat(Short[] left, Short[] right) {
    Short[] result = new Short[left.length + right.length];
    System.arraycopy(left, 0, result, 0, left.length);
    System.arraycopy(right, 0, result, left.length, right.length);