import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributeView;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link FileBackedOutputStream}.
 *
 * <p>For a tiny bit more testing, see {@link FileBackedOutputStreamAndroidIncompatibleTest}.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class FileBackedOutputStreamTest extends IoTestCase {

You just pass it to `Depends` and **FastAPI** knows how to do the rest.

///

## Share `Annotated` dependencies { #share-annotated-dependencies }

In the examples above, you see that there's a tiny bit of **code duplication**.

When you need to use the `common_parameters()` dependency, you have to write the whole parameter with the type annotation and `Depends()`:

```Python

    checkNotNull(strategy);

    if (expectedInsertions == 0) {
      expectedInsertions = 1;
    }
    /*
     * TODO(user): Put a warning in the javadoc about tiny fpp values, since the resulting size
     * is proportional to -log(p), but there is not much of a point after all, e.g.
     * optimalM(1000, 0.0000000000000001) = 76680 which is less than 10kb. Who cares!
     */

called directly (as it would block the server).

If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output:...

        COMMA_SPLITTER
            .trimResults()
            .withKeyValueSeparator(Splitter.on(':').trimResults())
            .split("boy  : tom , girl: tina , cat  : kitty , dog: tommy ");
    ImmutableMap<String, String> expected =
        ImmutableMap.of("boy", "tom", "girl", "tina", "cat", "kitty", "dog", "tommy");
    assertThat(m).isEqualTo(expected);
    assertThat(m.entrySet()).containsExactlyElementsIn(expected.entrySet()).inOrder();

	for _, tt := range RunesTests {
		tin := []byte(tt.in)
		a := Runes(tin)
		if !slices.Equal(a, tt.out) {
			t.Errorf("Runes(%q) = %v; want %v", tin, a, tt.out)
			continue
		}
		if !tt.lossy {
			// can only test reassembly if we didn't lose information
			s := string(a)
			if s != tt.in {
				t.Errorf("string(Runes(%q)) = %x; want %x", tin, s, tin)
			}
		}
	}
}

"či", "pod", "téma", "mezi", "přes", "ty", "pak", "vám", "ani", "když", "však", "neg", "jsem", "tento", "článku", "články", "aby", "jsme", "před", "pta", "jejich", "byl", "ještě", "až", "bez", "také", "pouze", "první", "vaše", "která", "nás", "nový", "tipy", "pokud", "může", "strana", "jeho", "své", "jiné", "zprávy", "nové", "není", "vás", "jen", "podle", "zde", "už", "být", "více", "bude", "již", "než", "který", "by", "které", "co", "nebo", "ten", "tak", "má", "při", "od", "po", "jsou", "jak", "další",...

"či", "pod", "téma", "mezi", "přes", "ty", "pak", "vám", "ani", "když", "však", "neg", "jsem", "tento", "článku", "články", "aby", "jsme", "před", "pta", "jejich", "byl", "ještě", "až", "bez", "také", "pouze", "první", "vaše", "která", "nás", "nový", "tipy", "pokud", "může", "strana", "jeho", "své", "jiné", "zprávy", "nové", "není", "vás", "jen", "podle", "zde", "už", "být", "více", "bude", "již", "než", "který", "by", "které", "co", "nebo", "ten", "tak", "má", "při", "od", "po", "jsou", "jak", "další",...

# Release 2.12.1