# Testing { #testing }

Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.

It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

# Testing Dependencies with Overrides { #testing-dependencies-with-overrides }

## Overriding dependencies during testing { #overriding-dependencies-during-testing }

There are some scenarios where you might want to override a dependency during testing.

You don't want the original dependency to run (nor any of the sub-dependencies it might have).

# Testing WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

You can use the same `TestClient` to test WebSockets.

For this, you use the `TestClient` in a `with` statement, connecting to the WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

# Testing a Database { #testing-a-database }

You can study about databases, SQL, and SQLModel in the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel docs</a>. 🤓

There's a mini <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/tutorial/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">tutorial on using SQLModel with FastAPI</a>. ✨

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

package schema_test

import (
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func checkStructRelation(t *testing.T, data interface{}, relations ...Relation) {
	if s, err := schema.Parse(data, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{}); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to parse schema, got error %v", err)
	} else {
		for _, rel := range relations {
			checkSchemaRelation(t, s, rel)
		}

			}
		}
	}
}

func BenchmarkInitStorageDisks256(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkInitStorageDisksN(b, 256)
}

func BenchmarkInitStorageDisks1024(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkInitStorageDisksN(b, 1024)
}

func BenchmarkInitStorageDisks2048(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkInitStorageDisksN(b, 2048)
}

func BenchmarkInitStorageDisksMax(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkInitStorageDisksN(b, 32*204)
}

			checkColumnType(t, "name", true)
			checkIndex(t, []gorm.Index{uniqueConstraintIndex, myIndex})
		}
		checkMulIndex = func(t *testing.T) {
			checkColumnType(t, "name", false)
			checkColumnType(t, "nick_name", false)
			checkIndex(t, []gorm.Index{mulIndex})
		}
	} else {
		checkNotUnique = func(t *testing.T) { checkColumnType(t, "name", false) }

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"testing"

	"github.com/minio/pkg/v3/ellipses"
)

// Tests create endpoints with ellipses and without.
func TestCreateServerEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		serverAddr string
		args       []string
		success    bool
	}{
		// Invalid input.

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"errors"
	"os"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
)

func Test_readFromSecret(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		content       string
		expectedErr   bool
		expectedValue string
	}{
		{
			"value\n",
			false,
			"value",
		},
		{