# Testing { #testing }

Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.

It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

# Testing Dependencies with Overrides { #testing-dependencies-with-overrides }

## Overriding dependencies during testing { #overriding-dependencies-during-testing }

There are some scenarios where you might want to override a dependency during testing.

You don't want the original dependency to run (nor any of the sub-dependencies it might have).

# Testing a Database { #testing-a-database }

You can study about databases, SQL, and SQLModel in the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel docs</a>. 🤓

There's a mini <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/tutorial/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">tutorial on using SQLModel with FastAPI</a>. ✨

# Testing WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

You can use the same `TestClient` to test WebSockets.

For this, you use the `TestClient` in a `with` statement, connecting to the WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import com.google.common.testing.SerializableTester;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**

package tests_test

import (
	"database/sql"
	"database/sql/driver"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestFind(t *testing.T) {
	users := []User{
		*GetUser("find", Config{}),
		*GetUser("find", Config{}),
		*GetUser("find", Config{}),
	}

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import java.util.Objects;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import java.util.Objects;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Tests {@link SingletonImmutableTable}.
 *
 * @author Gregory Kick
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked

import com.google.common.collect.testing.ListTestSuiteBuilder;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.MapTestSuiteBuilder;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.NavigableMapTestSuiteBuilder;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature;