}

  public void testFromByteArray_withNullInputThrowsNullPointerException() {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> Stats.fromByteArray(null));
  }

  public void testFromByteArray_withEmptyArrayInputThrowsIllegalArgumentException() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Stats.fromByteArray(new byte[0]));
  }

  public void testFromByteArray_withTooLongArrayInputThrowsIllegalArgumentException() {