app.add_middleware(MiddlewareB)
```

This results in the following execution order:

* **Request**: MiddlewareB → MiddlewareA → route

* **Response**: route → MiddlewareA → MiddlewareB

This stacking behavior ensures that middlewares are executed in a predictable and controllable order.

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

        super.setUp();
        purgeLogJob = new PurgeLogJob();
    }

    // Test all services execute successfully
    public void test_execute_allSuccess() {
        // Setup tracking variables
        final boolean[] deleteCrawlingInfoCalled = { false };
        final boolean[] deleteSearchLogCalled = { false };
        final boolean[] deleteJobLogCalled = { false };

        resourceManager = ResourceManager.getInstance();
        // Configure with shorter intervals for testing
        resourceManager.configure(1000, 100, true, true);
    }

    /**
     * Test resource for tracking
     */
    static class TestResource implements AutoCloseable {
        private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        private final String name;

        TestResource(String name) {

     * @param dst the destination buffer
     * @param dstIndex the starting position in the buffer
     * @return number of bytes written
     */
    protected abstract int writeBytesWireFormat(byte[] dst, int dstIndex);

    /**
     * Reads the message body from the wire format.
     *
     * @param buffer the buffer to read from
     * @param bufferIndex the starting position in the buffer
     * @return number of bytes read

     */
    public static int size() {
        return 16; // 8 + 4 + 4
    }

    /**
     * Encode this structure to byte array
     *
     * @param dst destination buffer
     * @param dstIndex starting index
     * @return number of bytes written
     */
    public int encode(byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        SMBUtil.writeInt8(offset, dst, dstIndex);
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(token, dst, dstIndex + 8);

     */
    public static ResourceManager getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    /**
     * Register a resource for tracking
     *
     * @param resource the resource to track
     * @return resource ID for tracking
     */
    public String registerResource(AutoCloseable resource) {
        if (resource == null) {

    private final int maxAttemptsPerIp;
    private final int maxGlobalAttemptsPerMinute;
    private final Duration lockoutDuration;
    private final Duration cleanupInterval;

    // Tracking maps
    private final Map<String, AccountAttempts> accountAttempts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    private final Map<String, IpAttempts> ipAttempts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

If you run **multiple processes per container** you will have to make sure that the number of processes started doesn't **consume more memory** than what is available.

## Previous Steps Before Starting and Containers { #previous-steps-before-starting-and-containers }

If you are using containers (e.g. Docker, Kubernetes), then there are two main approaches you can use.

### Multiple Containers { #multiple-containers }

///

## Previous Steps Before Starting { #previous-steps-before-starting }

There are many cases where you want to perform some steps **before starting** your application.

For example, you might want to run **database migrations**.

But in most cases, you will want to perform these steps only **once**.

These examples run the server program (e.g Uvicorn), starting **a single process**, listening on all the IPs (`0.0.0.0`) on a predefined port (e.g. `80`).

This is the basic idea. But you will probably want to take care of some additional things, like:

* Security - HTTPS
* Running on startup
* Restarts
* Replication (the number of processes running)
* Memory
* Previous steps before starting