System.setProperty("empty", "");
        String value = "${empty}";
        assertEquals("", ResourceUtil.resolve(value));

        // Test property with just spaces
        System.setProperty("spaces", "   ");
        value = "${spaces}";
        assertEquals("   ", ResourceUtil.resolve(value));

        // Test long property name
        System.setProperty("very.long.property.name.with.many.dots", "long");

        String name = "param-name_123!@#";
        String[] values = { "value with spaces", "value@special#chars", "日本語" };
        RequestParameter param = new RequestParameter(name, values);

        assertEquals(name, param.getName());
        assertNotNull(param.getValues());
        assertEquals(3, param.getValues().length);
        assertEquals("value with spaces", param.getValues()[0]);

            System.clearProperty(Constants.FESS_CONFIG_PREFIX + testKey);
        }
    }

    // Test property with spaces
    @Test
    public void test_get_propertyWithSpaces() {
        String testKey = "property.with.spaces";
        String valueWithSpaces = "  value with spaces  ";
        System.setProperty(Constants.FESS_CONFIG_PREFIX + testKey, valueWithSpaces);

        try {

        assertEquals("RAdministrators", permissionHelper.encode("{role}Administrators"));
        assertEquals("D1user with spaces", permissionHelper.encode("(deny){user}user with spaces"));
        assertEquals("DR_role_with_underscores", permissionHelper.encode("(deny){role}_role_with_underscores"));
        assertEquals("D2group123", permissionHelper.encode("(deny){group}group123"));

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final Map<String, StateData> states = (Map<String, StateData>) session.getAttribute(STATES);
        if (states != null) {
            final long now = ComponentUtil.getSystemHelper().getCurrentTimeAsLong();
            states.entrySet()
                    .stream()

    @Test
    public void test_base64_encoding_decoding() {
        // Test that base64 encoding and decoding works correctly
        String originalString = "test field with spaces";
        String encoded = BaseEncoding.base64().encode(originalString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        String decoded = new String(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encoded), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

    }

    @Test
    public void test_getDetectText_whitespaceNormalization() {
        String text = "Text   with\tmultiple\n\r  spaces";
        String result = languageHelper.getDetectText(text);
        assertEquals("Text with multiple spaces", result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getSupportedLanguage_supported() {
        assertEquals("ja", languageHelper.getSupportedLanguage("ja"));

        assertEquals(deepPath, item.getPath());
    }

    public void test_specialCharactersInName() {
        final String specialName = "file with spaces & symbols!@#.txt";
        final StorageItem item = new StorageItem(specialName, "/special/", false, 100L, null, "c3BlY2lhbA==");

        assertEquals(specialName, item.getName());
    }

                return cryptedText.startsWith("encrypted:") ? cryptedText.substring("encrypted:".length()) : cryptedText;
            }
        };

        String[] testStrings = { "simple", "with spaces", "special!@#$%^&*()", "unicode_test", "", "very long string " + "x".repeat(100) };

        for (String testStr : testStrings) {
            String encrypted = cipher.encrypt(testStr);

        String[] result;

        // Leading and trailing spaces
        value = " value1 , value2 , value3 ";
        result = KuromojiCSVUtil.parse(value);
        assertEquals(3, result.length);
        assertEquals(" value1 ", result[0]);
        assertEquals(" value2 ", result[1]);
        assertEquals(" value3 ", result[2]);

        // Spaces in quoted values
        value = "\" spaced value \",\"  another  \"";