@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:
        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):

## Custom Operation IDs and Better Method Names { #custom-operation-ids-and-better-method-names }

You can **modify** the way these operation IDs are **generated** to make them simpler and have **simpler method names** in the clients.

In this case, you will have to ensure that each operation ID is **unique** in some other way.

This new `examples` field in JSON Schema is **just a `list`** of examples, not a dict with extra metadata as in the other places in OpenAPI (described above).

/// info

Even after OpenAPI 3.1.0 was released with this new simpler integration with JSON Schema, for a while, Swagger UI, the tool that provides the automatic docs, didn't support OpenAPI 3.1.0 (it does since version 5.0.0 🎉).

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

But FastAPI (actually Starlette) provides a simpler way to do it that makes sure that the internal middlewares handle server errors and custom exception handlers work properly.

For that, you use `app.add_middleware()` (as in the example for CORS).

```Python

/// tip

Having the return model ensure that a value is always available and always `int` (not `None`) is very useful for the API clients, they can write much simpler code having this certainty.

Also, **automatically generated clients** will have simpler interfaces, so that the developers communicating with your API can have a much better time working with your API. 😎

///

            ),
            deprecated(
                """
                "openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which
                follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more
                automatic.
                """
            ),
        ] = "",
        root_path: Annotated[
            str,
            Doc(
                """

            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values

## Declaring types { #declaring-types }

You just saw the main place to declare type hints. As function parameters.

This is also the main place you would use them with **FastAPI**.

### Simple types { #simple-types }

You can declare all the standard Python types, not only `str`.

You can use, for example:

* `int`
* `float`
* `bool`
* `bytes`

# Simple OAuth2 con Password y Bearer { #simple-oauth2-with-password-and-bearer }

Ahora vamos a construir a partir del capítulo anterior y agregar las partes faltantes para tener un flujo de seguridad completo.

## Obtener el `username` y `password` { #get-the-username-and-password }

Vamos a usar las utilidades de seguridad de **FastAPI** para obtener el `username` y `password`.

Luego, cuando escribes ese nombre de usuario y contraseña, el navegador los envía automáticamente en el header.

## Simple HTTP Basic Auth { #simple-http-basic-auth }

* Importa `HTTPBasic` y `HTTPBasicCredentials`.
* Crea un "esquema de `security`" usando `HTTPBasic`.
* Usa ese `security` con una dependencia en tu *path operation*.
* Devuelve un objeto de tipo `HTTPBasicCredentials`:
  * Contiene el `username` y `password` enviados.