List<Restriction> restrictions = range.getRestrictions();
        assertEquals(1, restrictions.size(), CHECK_NUM_RESTRICTIONS);
        Restriction restriction = restrictions.get(0);
        assertNull(restriction.getLowerBound(), CHECK_LOWER_BOUND);
        assertFalse(restriction.isLowerBoundInclusive(), CHECK_LOWER_BOUND_INCLUSIVE);
        assertEquals("1.0", restriction.getUpperBound().toString(), CHECK_UPPER_BOUND);

     */
    public VersionRange restrict(VersionRange restriction) {
        List<Restriction> r1 = this.restrictions;
        List<Restriction> r2 = restriction.restrictions;
        List<Restriction> restrictions;

        if (r1.isEmpty() || r2.isEmpty()) {
            restrictions = Collections.emptyList();
        } else {
            restrictions = Collections.unmodifiableList(intersection(r1, r2));
        }

   * documentation for {@link Collection}:
   *
   * <blockquote>
   *
   * "Some collection implementations have restrictions on the elements that they may contain. For
   * example, some implementations prohibit null elements, and some have restrictions on the types
   * of their elements."
   *
   * </blockquote>
   */
  RESTRICTS_ELEMENTS,

  /**

Copyright 2012-2015 Docker, Inc.

This product includes software developed at Docker, Inc. (http://www.docker.com).

The following is courtesy of our legal counsel:


Use and transfer of Docker may be subject to certain restrictions by the
United States and other governments.  
It is your responsibility to ensure that your use and/or transfer does not
violate applicable laws. 

For more information, please see http://www.bis.doc.gov

     * we did list an exclusion on c, it was only from within the context of
     * project b.  We will pick up project c in this case because no
     * restrictions were placed on d.  This demonstrates that a, b, c, & d will
     * all be collected.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test

/// note

`PATCH` is less commonly used and known than `PUT`.

And many teams use only `PUT`, even for partial updates.

You are **free** to use them however you want, **FastAPI** doesn't impose any restrictions.

But this guide shows you, more or less, how they are intended to be used.

///

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter

OAuth2 has the notion of "scopes".

You can use them to add a specific set of permissions to a JWT token.

Then you can give this token to a user directly or a third party, to interact with your API with a set of restrictions.

You can learn how to use them and how they are integrated into **FastAPI** later in the **Advanced User Guide**.

## Recap

* Handled internally by a cloud provider as part of their services (read below 👇)

Another option is that you could use a **cloud service** that does more of the work including setting up HTTPS. It could have some restrictions or charge you more, etc. But in that case, you wouldn't have to set up a TLS Termination Proxy yourself.

I'll show you some concrete examples in the next chapters.

---

            return true;
        }

        if (!(other instanceof Restriction)) {
            return false;
        }

        Restriction restriction = (Restriction) other;
        if (lowerBound != null) {
            if (!lowerBound.equals(restriction.lowerBound)) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (restriction.lowerBound != null) {
            return false;
        }

			errAPI.Description = fmt.Sprintf("%s '(%s)'", errAPI.Description, err)
			writeErrorResponse(ctx, w, errAPI, r.URL)
			return
		}

		// Make sure formValues adhere to policy restrictions.
		if err = checkPostPolicy(formValues, postPolicyForm); err != nil {
			writeErrorResponse(ctx, w, errorCodes.ToAPIErrWithErr(ErrAccessDenied, err), r.URL)
			return
		}