format: String,
  vararg args: Any,
): String = String.format(Locale.US, format, *args)

/**
 * will also strip BOM from the source
 */
@Throws(IOException::class)
internal fun BufferedSource.readBomAsCharset(default: Charset): Charset =
  when (select(UNICODE_BOMS)) {
    // a mapping from the index of encoding methods in UNICODE_BOMS to its corresponding encoding method
    0 -> UTF_8
    1 -> UTF_16BE
    2 -> UTF_32LE