return Stream.of(Arguments.of((String) null), Arguments.of(""), Arguments.of("unexpected downgrade"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Default ctor: null message/cause; toString is class name; type hierarchy")
    void defaultConstructor_hasNullMessageAndCause_andTypeHierarchy() {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException();

        assertTrue(queryParseException instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_inheritanceHierarchy() {
        // Test the inheritance hierarchy
        ParseException parseException = new ParseException("Hierarchy test");
        QueryParseException queryParseException = new QueryParseException(parseException);

        // Verify inheritance chain

     *
     * @return The parent directory of this SMB resource or
     *         <code>smb://</code> if the resource refers to the root of the URL
     *         hierarchy which incidentally is also <code>smb://</code>.
     */
    String getParent();

    /**
     * Returns the full uncanonicalized URL of this SMB resource. An

    class SerializationTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should maintain exception hierarchy")
        void testExceptionHierarchy() {
            TransportException exception = new TransportException("Test");

            // Verify the exception hierarchy
            assertTrue(exception instanceof IOException);
            assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);

            method.setAccessible(true); // Required to invoke protected method
            assertEquals(443, method.invoke(testHandler));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should maintain inheritance hierarchy")
        void testInheritanceHierarchy() {
            // When
            Class<?> superclass = Handler.class.getSuperclass();

            // Then
            assertEquals(jcifs.http.Handler.class, superclass);

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();

    handler = new TestLogHandler();

    // You could also apply it higher up the Logger hierarchy than this
    ExampleClassUnderTest.logger.addHandler(handler);

    ExampleClassUnderTest.logger.setUseParentHandlers(false); // optional

    stack.addTearDown(
        new TearDown() {
          @Override

        // Setup
        final String message = "Test inheritance hierarchy";
        final VaMessenger<FessMessages> messageCode = messages -> messages.addErrorsInvalidQueryUnknown(UserMessages.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_KEY);

        // Execute
        final InvalidQueryException exception = new InvalidQueryException(messageCode, message);

        // Verify inheritance hierarchy
        assertTrue(exception instanceof FessSystemException);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_instanceOf() {
        // Test inheritance hierarchy
        UnsupportedSearchException exception = new UnsupportedSearchException("test");

        assertTrue(exception instanceof UnsupportedSearchException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof FessSystemException);

    private static Object getField(Object target, String name) {
        try {
            Field f = findField(target.getClass(), name);
            f.setAccessible(true);
            return f.get(target);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    // Helper: find field in class hierarchy

    }

    /**
     * Represents a crawl request containing a URL and its depth in the crawling hierarchy.
     * Used for managing recursive crawling operations.
     */
    private static class CrawlRequest {
        /** The URL to be crawled. */
        private final String url;
        /** The depth of this URL in the crawling hierarchy. */
        private final int depth;

        /**