options.numOfThreads = 1;
        options.cleanup = false;

        // Setup mock components
        setupMockComponents();

        Method processMethod = ThumbnailGenerator.class.getDeclaredMethod("process", ThumbnailGenerator.Options.class);
        processMethod.setAccessible(true);

        try {
            Integer result = (Integer) processMethod.invoke(null, options);
            assertNotNull(result);

        // Use reflection to access private method for testing
        Exception exception = assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> {
            java.lang.reflect.Method method =
                    MultiChannelManager.class.getDeclaredMethod("createChannelTransport", InetAddress.class, InetAddress.class);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(multiChannelManager, null, null);
        });

    private ClassificationMeta invokeMethod(Object obj, String methodName, String param) {
        try {
            java.lang.reflect.Method method = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, String.class);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            return (ClassificationMeta) method.invoke(obj, param);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);

            options.propertiesPath = tempPropFile.getAbsolutePath();

            // Setup minimal mock components
            setupMockComponents();

            Method processMethod = SuggestCreator.class.getDeclaredMethod("process", SuggestCreator.Options.class);
            processMethod.setAccessible(true);

            try {
                Integer result = (Integer) processMethod.invoke(null, options);

        Method method = PrivateMethodClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("privateMethod");
        Secured secured = method.getAnnotation(Secured.class);
        assertNotNull(secured);
        assertEquals("PRIVATE_ROLE", secured.value()[0]);
    }

    public void test_protectedMethodAnnotation() throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Method method = PrivateMethodClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("protectedMethod");

            public void hook(final FwAssistantDirector assistantDirector) {
                // Use reflection to call private method
                try {
                    Method method = FessCurtainFinallyHook.class.getDeclaredMethod("shutdownCommonsHttpClient");
                    method.setAccessible(true);
                    method.invoke(this);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // Expected to catch exception silently

  private fun getProcess(): String? =
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
      getProcessName()
    } else {
      Class
        .forName("android.app.ActivityThread")
        .getDeclaredMethod("currentProcessName")
        .apply { isAccessible = true }
        .invoke(null) as String
    }

        // Verify that processWebInfLib method is overridden (it's protected so we can't call it directly)
        try {
            final java.lang.reflect.Method method = FessWebResourceRoot.class.getDeclaredMethod("processWebInfLib");
            assertNotNull("processWebInfLib method should exist", method);
            assertTrue("processWebInfLib should be protected", java.lang.reflect.Modifier.isProtected(method.getModifiers()));

        }
    }

    // Test getValueFromMap private method via reflection
    public void test_getValueFromMap() throws Exception {
        Method method = Crawler.class.getDeclaredMethod("getValueFromMap", Map.class, String.class, String.class);
        method.setAccessible(true);

        Map<String, String> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataMap.put("key1", "value1");

    }

    // Helper method to invoke the private distinct method
    private String[] invokeDistinct(String[] values) {
        try {
            java.lang.reflect.Method method = LdapUser.class.getDeclaredMethod("distinct", String[].class);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            return (String[]) method.invoke(null, (Object) values);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);