try {
            // Measure timing for differences at different positions
            long timeStart = measureEqualsTime(baseAuth, startAuth, TIMING_ITERATIONS);
            long timeMiddle = measureEqualsTime(baseAuth, middleAuth, TIMING_ITERATIONS);
            long timeEnd = measureEqualsTime(baseAuth, endAuth, TIMING_ITERATIONS);

            // Calculate relative timing differences

            // Log the size mismatch for debugging but don't throw exception
            // This can occur due to padding alignment differences between size8() and pad8()
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("Size calculation mismatch: expected {} but got {} (difference: {})", exp, actual, actual - exp);
            }
        }
        return len;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}

Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.

So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.

## Design { #design }

Then I spent some time designing the developer "API" I wanted to have as a user (as a developer using FastAPI).

* And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py hl[16:18,21:22,28:32] *}

There are 2 main differences from a normal *path operation*:

* It doesn't need to have any actual code, because your app will never call this code. It's only used to document the *external API*. So, the function could just have `pass`.

The MinIO Security Token Service (STS) is an endpoint service that enables clients to request temporary credentials for MinIO resources. Temporary credentials work almost identically to default admin credentials, with some differences:

All the data conversion, validation, documentation, etc. will still work as normally.

That way, we can declare just the differences between the models (with plaintext `password`, with `hashed_password` and without password):

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7,13:14,17:18,21:22] *}

## `Union` or `anyOf` { #union-or-anyof }

        PacDataInputStream pacStream = new PacDataInputStream(bais);

        Date date = pacStream.readFiletime();
        assertNotNull(date);
        // The date should be around 1970 (allowing for some conversion differences)
        assertTrue(date.getYear() + 1900 >= 1969 && date.getYear() + 1900 <= 1971);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test invalid FILETIME handling")
    void testInvalidFiletime() throws Exception {

{* ../../docs_src/sql_databases/tutorial001_an_py310.py ln[1:11] hl[7:11] *}

The `Hero` class is very similar to a Pydantic model (in fact, underneath, it actually *is a Pydantic model*).

There are a few differences:

* `table=True` tells SQLModel that this is a *table model*, it should represent a **table** in the SQL database, it's not just a *data model* (as would be any other regular Pydantic class).

### Access Control Configuration Variables

Either `MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_ROLE_POLICY` (recommended) or `MINIO_IDENTITY_OPENID_CLAIM_NAME` must be specified but not both. See the section Access Control Policies to understand the differences between the two.

**NOTE**: When configuring multiple OpenID based authentication providers on a MinIO cluster, any number of Role Policy based providers may be configured, and at most one JWT Claim based provider may be configured.

    /**
     * Performs constant-time comparison of two char arrays to prevent timing attacks.
     * This method always compares the full length of both arrays, regardless of when
     * differences are found, making the execution time independent of the position
     * of differing characters.
     *
     * @param a first char array to compare
     * @param b second char array to compare