* Provides a common structure for handling delays at different stages of the crawling process.
 * It encapsulates the delay logic and exception handling, allowing subclasses to focus on
 * defining the specific delay behavior for each stage.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class defines the contract for delaying the crawling process at various points, such as:
 * </p>
 * <ul>

Docker Compose allows defining and running single host, multi-container Docker applications.

### Validation { #validation }

* Validation for most (or all?) Python **data types**, including:
    * JSON objects (`dict`).
    * JSON array (`list`) defining item types.
    * String (`str`) fields, defining min and max lengths.
    * Numbers (`int`, `float`) with min and max values, etc.

* Validation for more exotic types, like:
    * URL.
    * Email.
    * UUID.
    * ...and others.

Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷

///

### Lifespan function { #lifespan-function }

The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`.

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003_py39.py hl[14:19] *}

To do that, use the standard Python type hint <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note

As in this case (without using `Annotated`) we have to replace the default value `None` in the function with `Query()`, we now need to set the default value with the parameter `Query(default=None)`, it serves the same purpose of defining that default value (at least for FastAPI).

So:

```Python
q: str | None = Query(default=None)
```

...makes the parameter optional, with a default value of `None`, the same as:


```Python

![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)

### OpenAPI { #openapi }

**FastAPI** generates a "schema" with all your API using the **OpenAPI** standard for defining APIs.

#### "Schema" { #schema }

A "schema" is a definition or description of something. Not the code that implements it, but just an abstract description.

#### API "schema" { #api-schema }

Hug inspired **FastAPI** to declare a `response` parameter in functions to set headers and cookies.

///

### <a href="https://github.com/encode/apistar" class="external-link" target="_blank">APIStar</a> (<= 0.5) { #apistar-0-5 }

 *   <li>Handling redirect URLs specified in the response headers.</li>
 * </ol>
 * <p>
 * The class also provides methods for configuring features and properties of the
 * underlying DOM parser, as well as defining rules for extracting child URLs
 * from specific HTML tags and attributes.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * <b>Configuration:</b>
 * </p>
 * <ul>

Hand-written assembly can use <code>R11</code>, but doing so requires
being sure that the linker is not also using it to implement any of the other
instructions in the function.
</p>

<p>
When defining a <code>TEXT</code>, specifying frame size <code>$-4</code>
tells the linker that this is a leaf function that does not need to save <code>LR</code> on entry.
</p>

<p>