For that you need to access the request directly.

{* ../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1,7:8] *}

By declaring a *path operation function* parameter with the type being the `Request` **FastAPI** will know to pass the `Request` in that parameter.

/// tip

Note that in this case, we are declaring a path parameter beside the request parameter.

    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of bytes
    # to be read from files and other types, but I'm not even sure it's a good idea
    # to support it as a first class "feature"
    assert is_bytes_sequence_annotation(Union[list[str], list[bytes]])


def test_is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation():
    # For coverage
    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of UploadFile

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

/// info

The `app.webhooks` object is actually just an `APIRouter`, the same type you would use when structuring your app with multiple files.

///

Notice that with webhooks you are actually not declaring a *path* (like `/items/`), the text you pass there is just an **identifier** of the webhook (the name of the event), for example in `@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")`, the webhook name is `new-subscription`.

Also, before that, in previous versions, the `request` object was passed as part of the key-value pairs in the context for Jinja2.

///

/// tip

By declaring `response_class=HTMLResponse` the docs UI will be able to know that the response will be HTML.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates`.

## Use the dependency { #use-the-dependency }

Then we can use the dependency with:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[23] *}

/// info

Notice that we are only declaring one dependency in the *path operation function*, the `query_or_cookie_extractor`.

But **FastAPI** will know that it has to solve `query_extractor` first, to pass the results of that to `query_or_cookie_extractor` while calling it.

Changing the default { #changing-the-default }

Later, in the [Advanced User Guide](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, you will see how to return a different status code than the default you are declaring here....

Because all the **fields actually change** (the type now includes `None` and they now have a default value of `None`), we need to **re-declare** them.

We don't really need to inherit from `HeroBase` because we are re-declaring all the fields. I'll leave it inheriting just for consistency, but this is not necessary. It's more a matter of personal taste. 🤷

The fields of `HeroUpdate` are:

* `name`
* `age`
* `secret_name`

When we don't need to declare more validations or metadata, we can make the `q` query parameter required just by not declaring a default value, like:

```Python
q: str
```

instead of:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

But we are now declaring it with `Query`, for example like:

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None, Query(min_length=3)] = None
```

You can use this same `responses` parameter to add different media types for the same main response.

For example, you can add an additional media type of `image/png`, declaring that your *path operation* can return a JSON object (with media type `application/json`) or a PNG image:

{* ../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002_py310.py hl[17:22,26] *}

/// note