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  1. docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

        # Return some error
        ...
    ```
    
    But by using the `secrets.compare_digest()` it will be secure against a type of attacks called "timing attacks".
    
    ### Timing Attacks { #timing-attacks }
    
    But what's a "timing attack"?
    
    Let's imagine some attackers are trying to guess the username and password.
    
    And they send a request with a username `johndoe` and a password `love123`.
    
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  2. docs/ko/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

    ```Python
    if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
        # 어떤 오류를 반환
        ...
    ```
    
    하지만 `secrets.compare_digest()`를 사용하면 "timing attacks"라고 불리는 한 유형의 공격에 대해 안전해집니다.
    
    ### 타이밍 공격 { #timing-attacks }
    
    그렇다면 "timing attack"이란 무엇일까요?
    
    공격자들이 사용자명과 비밀번호를 추측하려고 한다고 가정해봅시다.
    
    그리고 사용자명 `johndoe`, 비밀번호 `love123`으로 요청을 보냅니다.
    
    그러면 애플리케이션의 Python 코드는 대략 다음과 같을 것입니다:
    
    ```Python
    Created: Sun Apr 05 07:19:11 GMT 2026
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  3. docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

    ## `TrustedHostMiddleware` { #trustedhostmiddleware }
    
    Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order to guard against HTTP Host Header attacks.
    
    {* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002_py310.py hl[2,6:8] *}
    
    The following arguments are supported:
    
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  4. doc/godebug.md

    HTML meta tags. The default `htmlmetacontentescape=1` will cause URLs to be
    escaped. Setting `htmlmetacontentescape=0` disables this behavior. To avoid
    content injection attacks, this setting and default was backported to Go 1.25.8
    and Go 1.26.1.
    
    Go 1.27 changes the default for `tracebacklabels` (added in [Go 1.26](#go-126))
    to `1`. This opt-out is expected to be kept indefinitely in case goroutine
    Created: Tue Apr 07 11:13:11 GMT 2026
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  5. docs/zh/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

    此时,Python 要对比 `stanleyjobsox` 与 `stanleyjobson` 中的 `stanleyjobso`,才能知道这两个字符串不一样。因此会多花费几微秒来返回**错误的用户或密码**。
    
    #### 反应时间对攻击者的帮助 { #the-time-to-answer-helps-the-attackers }
    
    通过服务器花费了更多微秒才发送**错误的用户或密码**响应,攻击者会知道猜对了一些内容,起码开头字母是正确的。
    
    然后,他们就可以放弃 `johndoe`,再用类似 `stanleyjobsox` 的内容进行尝试。
    
    #### **专业**攻击 { #a-professional-attack }
    
    当然,攻击者不用手动操作,而是编写每秒能执行成千上万次测试的攻击程序,每次都会找到更多正确字符。
    
    但是,在您的应用的**帮助**下,攻击者利用时间差,就能在几分钟或几小时内,以这种方式猜出正确的用户名和密码。
    
    Created: Sun Apr 05 07:19:11 GMT 2026
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  6. docs/zh-hant/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

    #### 回應時間幫了攻擊者 { #the-time-to-answer-helps-the-attackers }
    
    此時,透過觀察伺服器回覆「Incorrect username or password」多花了幾個微秒,攻擊者就知道他們有某些地方猜對了,前幾個字母是正確的。
    
    接著他們會再嘗試,知道它更可能接近 `stanleyjobsox` 而不是 `johndoe`。
    
    #### 「專業」的攻擊 { #a-professional-attack }
    
    當然,攻擊者不會手動嘗試這一切,他們會寫程式來做,可能每秒進行上千或上百萬次測試,一次只多猜中一個正確字母。
    
    但這樣做,幾分鐘或幾小時內,他們就能在我們應用程式「協助」下,僅靠回應時間就猜出正確的使用者名稱與密碼。
    
    Created: Sun Apr 05 07:19:11 GMT 2026
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  7. docs/features/https.md

    By default, OkHttp trusts the certificate authorities of the host platform. This strategy maximizes connectivity, but it is subject to certificate authority attacks such as the [2011 DigiNotar attack](https://www.computerworld.com/article/2510951/cybercrime-hacking/hackers-spied-on-300-000-iranians-using-fake-google-certificate.html). It also assumes your HTTPS servers’ certificates are signed by a certificate authority.
    Created: Fri Apr 03 11:42:14 GMT 2026
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  8. docs/ja/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md

    #### 応答時間が攻撃者を助ける { #the-time-to-answer-helps-the-attackers }
    
    ここで、サーバーが「ユーザー名またはパスワードが正しくありません」というレスポンスを返すまでに、わずかに長い時間がかかったことに気づけば、攻撃者は何かしら正解に近づいた、すなわち先頭のいくつかの文字が正しかったことを知ることができます。
    
    すると、`johndoe` よりも `stanleyjobsox` に近いものを狙って再試行できます。
    
    #### 「プロ」レベルの攻撃 { #a-professional-attack }
    
    もちろん、攻撃者はこれらを手作業では行わず、プログラムを書いて、1 秒間に数千〜数百万回のテストを行うでしょう。そして 1 回に 1 文字ずつ正しい文字を見つけていきます。
    
    Created: Sun Apr 05 07:19:11 GMT 2026
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  9. docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

    This ensures the endpoint takes roughly the same amount of time to respond whether the username is valid or not, preventing **timing attacks** that could be used to enumerate existing usernames.
    
    /// note
    
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  10. docs/zh-hant/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

    {* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[8,49,51,58:59,62:63,72:79] *}
    
    當以不存在於資料庫的使用者名稱呼叫 `authenticate_user` 時,我們仍然會拿一個假的雜湊去跑一次 `verify_password`。
    
    這可確保無論使用者名稱是否有效,端點的回應時間都大致相同,避免可用來枚舉既有使用者名稱的「計時攻擊」(timing attacks)。
    
    /// note | 注意
    
    如果你查看新的(假)資料庫 `fake_users_db`,你會看到雜湊後的密碼現在長這樣:`"$argon2id$v=19$m=65536,t=3,p=4$wagCPXjifgvUFBzq4hqe3w$CYaIb8sB+wtD+Vu/P4uod1+Qof8h+1g7bbDlBID48Rc"`。
    
    ///
    
    Created: Sun Apr 05 07:19:11 GMT 2026
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