assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with both null message and cause
        FessSystemException exception = new FessSystemException(null, null);

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {
        // Test constructor with null message
        String type = "OAuth2";
        String message = null;
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals(type, exception.getType());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(messageCode, exception.getMessageCode());
    }

    public void test_constructor_twoParametersWithBothNull() {
        // Execute
        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(null, null);

        // Verify
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertNull(exception.getMessageCode());
    }

    public void test_inheritanceFromFessSystemException() {
        // Setup
        final String message = "Test inheritance hierarchy";
        final VaMessenger<FessMessages> messageCode = messages -> messages.addErrorsInvalidQueryUnknown(UserMessages.GLOBAL_PROPERTY_KEY);

        // Execute

        assertFalse(ssoManager.available());

        // Verify all operations return null
        assertNull(ssoManager.getLoginCredential());
        assertNull(ssoManager.getResponse(SsoResponseType.METADATA));
        assertNull(ssoManager.getResponse(SsoResponseType.LOGOUT));
        assertNull(ssoManager.logout(FessUserBean.empty()));
    }

    // Helper classes for testing

    }

    // Test default constructor
    public void test_constructor() {
        FacetInfo info = new FacetInfo();
        assertNull(info.field);
        assertNull(info.query);
        assertNull(info.size);
        assertNull(info.minDocCount);
        assertNull(info.sort);
        assertNull(info.missing);
    }

    // Test init method with various configurations
    public void test_init_withAllFields() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with both null message and cause
        SsoProcessException exception = new SsoProcessException(null, null);

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Not Found: http://example.com/child Parent: http://example.com/parent", exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullParentUrl() {
        // Test with null parent URL
        String parentUrl = null;
        String url = "http://example.com/child";

    }

    public void test_encode() {
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(null));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(""));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(" "));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{user}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{role}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{group}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("(allow)"));

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withLongUsername() {
        // Test with a very long username
        String username = "verylongusername".repeat(10);
        FessUserNotFoundException exception = new FessUserNotFoundException(username);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("User is not found: " + username, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }