assertEquals("", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", "c"));
        assertEquals("c", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", "b"));
        assertEquals("c", StringUtil.substringToLast("abcbc", "b"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", ""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", null));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", "dddd"));
    }

    /**

        FullWidthToHalfWidthAlphabetNormalizer normalizer = new FullWidthToHalfWidthAlphabetNormalizer();

        String result = normalizer.normalize("ａｂｃ あいう 123", "field");

        assertEquals("abc あいう 123", result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_fullWidthSpacePreserved() throws Exception {

        String result = chain.normalize("ａｂｃ", "field");

        assertEquals("abc", result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_multipleNormalizers() throws Exception {
        NormalizerChain chain = new NormalizerChain();
        chain.add(new FullWidthToHalfWidthAlphabetNormalizer());
        chain.add(new HankakuKanaToZenkakuKana());

        String result = chain.normalize("ａｂｃ ｶﾞ", "field");

}

type LinesTest struct {
	a string
	b []string
}

var linesTests = []LinesTest{
	{a: "abc\nabc\n", b: []string{"abc\n", "abc\n"}},
	{a: "abc\r\nabc", b: []string{"abc\r\n", "abc"}},
	{a: "abc\r\n", b: []string{"abc\r\n"}},
	{a: "\nabc", b: []string{"\n", "abc"}},
	{a: "\nabc\n\n", b: []string{"\n", "abc\n", "\n"}},
}

func TestLines(t *testing.T) {
	for _, s := range linesTests {

		},
	}, {
		maker: makeSparse{makeReg{3, "abc"}, sparseHoles{{0, 2}, {5, 2}}, 7},
		tests: []testFnc{
			testRemaining{7, 3},
			testWrite{"\x00\x00abc\x00\x00", 7, nil},
			testRemaining{0, 0},
		},
	}, {
		maker: makeSparse{makeReg{3, "abc"}, sparseHoles{{0, 2}, {5, 2}}, 7},
		tests: []testFnc{
			testRemaining{7, 3},
			testReadFrom{fileOps{int64(2), "abc", int64(1), "\x00"}, 7, nil},
			testRemaining{0, 0},

from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager
from typing import TypeVar

import anyio.to_thread
from anyio import CapacityLimiter
from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool  # noqa
from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool  # noqa
from starlette.concurrency import (  # noqa

import gzip
from collections.abc import Callable

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute


class GzipRequest(Request):
    async def body(self) -> bytes:
        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
            body = await super().body()
            if "gzip" in self.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"):
                body = gzip.decompress(body)
            self._body = body

from collections.abc import Callable

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, Response
from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute


class ValidationErrorLoggingRoute(APIRoute):
    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:
        original_route_handler = super().get_route_handler()

        async def custom_route_handler(request: Request) -> Response:
            try:

import gzip
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute


class GzipRequest(Request):
    async def body(self) -> bytes:
        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
            body = await super().body()
            if "gzip" in self.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"):
                body = gzip.decompress(body)

import time
from collections.abc import Callable

from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute


class TimedRoute(APIRoute):
    def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable:
        original_route_handler = super().get_route_handler()

        async def custom_route_handler(request: Request) -> Response:
            before = time.time()