// Test characters that need special encoding
        String input1 = "http://example.com/文档"; // Unicode characters
        String result1 = crawlingInfoHelper.generateId(input1);
        assertNotNull(result1);
        assertEquals(128, result1.length());

        String input2 = "http://example.com/path with spaces";
        String result2 = crawlingInfoHelper.generateId(input2);
        assertNotNull(result2);

        String[] inputs = { "input" };
        CharMappingItem item = new CharMappingItem(1L, inputs, "line1\nline2");

        assertEquals("line1 line2", item.getOutput());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullOutput() {
        // Test with null output
        String[] inputs = { "input" };
        CharMappingItem item = new CharMappingItem(1L, inputs, null);

        assertEquals("StopwordsItem [id=123, inputs=word, newInputs=null]", item.toString());

        item.setNewInput("updated");
        assertEquals("StopwordsItem [id=123, inputs=word, newInputs=updated]", item.toString());

        item.setNewInput("");
        assertEquals("StopwordsItem [id=123, inputs=word, newInputs=]", item.toString());
    }

    @Test

    }

    void assertHasImmediateCancel(
        ListenableFuture<String> a, ListenableFuture<String> b, Exception e) {
      ImmutableSet<ListenableFuture<String>> inputs = ImmutableSet.of(a, b);
      smartAssertTrue(inputs, e, intersect(inputs, ImmutableSet.of(doneCancelled)));
    }
  }

  /**

    }

    void assertHasImmediateCancel(
        ListenableFuture<String> a, ListenableFuture<String> b, Exception e) {
      ImmutableSet<ListenableFuture<String>> inputs = ImmutableSet.of(a, b);
      smartAssertTrue(inputs, e, intersect(inputs, ImmutableSet.of(doneCancelled)));
    }
  }

  /**

      for (ClosingFuture<?> input : inputs) {
        input.becomeSubsumedInto(closeables);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code ClosingFuture} pipeline step derived from the inputs by applying a
     * combining function to their values. The function can use a {@link DeferredCloser} to capture
     * objects to be closed when the pipeline is done.
     *

  }

  private static void assertMessageDigestHashing(byte[] input, String algorithmName)
      throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithmName);
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(digest.digest(input)), ALGORITHMS.get(algorithmName).hashBytes(input));
    for (int bytes = 4; bytes <= digest.getDigestLength(); bytes++) {
      assertEquals(

      Iterable<? extends T>... inputs) {
    return concatNoDefensiveCopy(Arrays.copyOf(inputs, inputs.length));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable that combines several iterables. The returned iterable has an
   * iterator that traverses the elements of each iterable in {@code inputs}. The input iterators
   * are not polled until necessary.
   *

      Iterable<? extends T>... inputs) {
    return concatNoDefensiveCopy(Arrays.copyOf(inputs, inputs.length));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a fluent iterable that combines several iterables. The returned iterable has an
   * iterator that traverses the elements of each iterable in {@code inputs}. The input iterators
   * are not polled until necessary.
   *

  }

  private static void assertMessageDigestHashing(byte[] input, String algorithmName)
      throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithmName);
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(digest.digest(input)), ALGORITHMS.get(algorithmName).hashBytes(input));
    for (int bytes = 4; bytes <= digest.getDigestLength(); bytes++) {
      assertEquals(