# Using the Request Directly { #using-the-request-directly }

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite
  @AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders
  public static Test suite() {
    TestSuite suite = new TestSuite();

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestStringSetGenerator() {
                  @Override
                  protected Set<String> create(String[] elements) {
                    return union(emptySet(), emptySet());
                  }

This section describes how to generate a self-signed certificate using various tools:

* 3.1 [Use certgen to Generate a Certificate](#using-go)
* 3.2 [Use OpenSSL to Generate a Certificate](#using-open-ssl)
* 3.3 [Use OpenSSL (with IP address) to Generate a Certificate](#using-open-ssl-with-ip)
* 3.4 [Use GnuTLS (for Windows) to Generate a Certificate](#using-gnu-tls)

**Note:**

# Using Dataclasses { #using-dataclasses }

FastAPI is built on top of **Pydantic**, and I have been showing you how to use Pydantic models to declare requests and responses.

But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> the same way:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py hl[1,7:12,19:20] *}

    // Not testing rowKeySet() or columnKeySet() of Table.transformValues()
    // since the transformation doesn't affect the row and column key sets.

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestStringSetGenerator() {
                  @Override
                  protected Set<String> create(String[] elements) {
                    Table<String, Integer, Character> table =

root credentials. You can use the Browser to create buckets, upload objects, and browse the contents of the MinIO server.

You can also connect using any S3-compatible tool, such as the MinIO Client `mc` commandline tool. See
[Test using MinIO Client `mc`](#test-using-minio-client-mc) for more information on using the `mc` commandline tool. For application developers,

   *       using this method. For example, {@code not(in(target))} is generally more readable than
   *       {@code not(target::contains)}.
   *   <li>This method's name conflicts with Kotlin's {@code in} operator.
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p><b>Discouraged:</b> Prefer using either {@code target::contains} or {@code x ->

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py hl[6] *}

### Using the *path operation function* name as the operationId { #using-the-path-operation-function-name-as-the-operationid }

If you want to use your APIs' function names as `operationId`s, you can iterate over all of them and override each *path operation's* `operation_id` using their `APIRoute.name`.

You should do it after adding all your *path operations*.

Traditional retrieval of objects is always as whole entities, i.e GetObject for a 5 GiB object, will always return 5 GiB of data. S3 Select API allows us to retrieve a subset of data by using simple SQL expressions. By using Select API to retrieve only the data needed by the application, drastic performance improvements can be achieved.

You can use the Select API to query objects with following features:

## Recap { #recap }

* Import `FastAPI`.
* Create an `app` instance.
* Write a **path operation decorator** using decorators like `@app.get("/")`.
* Define a **path operation function**; for example, `def root(): ...`.