for _, test := range testCases {
		a := []byte(test.a)
		actual := f(a, test.b)
		if actual != test.i {
			t.Errorf("%s(%q,%q) = %v; want %v", funcName, a, test.b, actual, test.i)
		}
	}
}

func TestIndex(t *testing.T)     { runIndexTests(t, Index, "Index", indexTests) }
func TestLastIndex(t *testing.T) { runIndexTests(t, LastIndex, "LastIndex", lastIndexTests) }

        byte[] dest = new byte[5];

        // Expect IndexOutOfBoundsException from System.arraycopy
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            encodable.encode(dest, 3); // destIndex=3, len=3, dest.length=5. 3+3 > 5
        }, "Should throw IndexOutOfBoundsException if destination offset + length exceeds destination array bounds");
    }

    @Test
    void testEncodeNullSourceArray() {