* <p>
     * Usage example:
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtil.defaultString(null, "NULL")  = "NULL"
     * StringUtil.defaultString("", "NULL")    = ""
     * StringUtil.defaultString("aaa", "NULL") = "aaa"
     * StringUtil.defaultString("aaa", null)   = "aaa"
     * StringUtil.defaultString(null, null)    = null
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param str

            if (StringUtil.isBlank(value)) {
                map = Collections.emptyMap();
            } else {
                final Set<String> keySet = new HashSet<>();
                map = split(value, "\n").get(stream -> stream.filter(StringUtil::isNotBlank).map(s -> {
                    final String[] pair = s.split("=");
                    if (pair.length == 1) {
                        return new Pair<>(StringUtil.EMPTY, pair[0].trim());

        assertEquals("c", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", "b"));
        assertEquals("c", StringUtil.substringToLast("abcbc", "b"));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", ""));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", null));
        assertEquals("abc", StringUtil.substringToLast("abc", "dddd"));
    }

    /**
     * @throws Exception
     */

        // Add defensive null/blank checks
        if (StringUtil.isBlank(username) || StringUtil.isBlank(password)) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Login failed: username or password is blank");
            }
            return OptionalEntity.empty();
        }

        if (StringUtil.isBlank(fessConfig.getLdapProviderUrl()) || !validate()) {

     * @return the host name, or empty string if URL is blank, or unknown hostname if parsing fails
     */
    default String getHost(final String u) {
        if (StringUtil.isBlank(u)) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }

        String url = u;
        final String originalUrl = url;

        int idx = url.indexOf("://");
        if (idx >= 0) {

     */
    public static String decodePath(final String id) {
        final PathInfo pi = convertToItem(id);
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(pi.getPath()) && StringUtil.isEmpty(pi.getName())) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY;
        }
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(pi.getPath())) {
            return pi.getName();
        }
        return pi.getPath() + "/" + pi.getName();
    }

    /**

        // For non-AWS endpoints (MinIO, etc.), set custom endpoint with path-style access
        if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(endpoint)) {
            builder.endpointOverride(URI.create(endpoint)).forcePathStyle(true);
        }

        this.s3Client = builder.build();
    }

    private String getRegion(final String region) {
        return StringUtil.isNotBlank(region) ? region : "us-east-1";
    }

    @Override

            credentials = new NTCredentials(username, password == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : password,
                    workstation == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : workstation, domain == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : domain);
        } else {
            credentials = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : password);
        }
        return credentials;
    }

                return pagingQueryList.stream()
                        .filter(s -> prefix == null || !s.startsWith(prefix))
                        .collect(Collectors.joining("&", "&", StringUtil.EMPTY));
            }
            return null;
        }).orElse(StringUtil.EMPTY);
    }

    /**
     * Generates URL query parameters for facet filtering.
     *
     * @return URL-encoded query string containing facet parameters

        form.storageEndpoint = fessConfig.getStorageEndpoint();
        form.storageAccessKey = StringUtil.isNotBlank(fessConfig.getStorageAccessKey()) ? DUMMY_PASSWORD : StringUtil.EMPTY;
        form.storageSecretKey = StringUtil.isNotBlank(fessConfig.getStorageSecretKey()) ? DUMMY_PASSWORD : StringUtil.EMPTY;
        form.storageBucket = fessConfig.getStorageBucket();
        form.storageType = fessConfig.getStorageType();