/// tip

You will normally have much better performance using a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md) than returning a `JSONResponse` directly, as that way it serializes the data using Pydantic, in Rust.

///

## Return a `Response` { #return-a-response }

You can return a `Response` or any sub-class of it.

/// info

`JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.

///

# Response Headers { #response-headers }

## Use a `Response` parameter { #use-a-response-parameter }

You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function* (as you can do for cookies).

And then you can set headers in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1, 7:8] *}

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

你也可以在依赖中定义`Response`参数，并设置cookie和header。

## 直接响应 `Response` { #return-a-response-directly }

你还可以在直接响应`Response`时直接创建cookies。

为此，你可以按照[直接返回 Response](response-directly.md)中的说明创建一个响应。

然后设置Cookies，并返回：

{* ../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10:12] *}

/// tip | 提示

需要注意，如果你直接反馈一个response对象，而不是使用`Response`入参，FastAPI则会直接反馈你封装的response对象。

所以你需要确保你响应数据类型的正确性，如：你可以使用`JSONResponse`来兼容JSON的场景。

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image01.png">

而且兩個模型都會用在互動式 API 文件中：

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## 其他回傳型別註解 { #other-return-type-annotations }

有時你回傳的東西不是有效的 Pydantic 欄位，你仍會在函式上加上註解，只為了獲得工具（編輯器、mypy 等）提供的支援。

### 直接回傳 Response { #return-a-response-directly }

最常見的情況是[直接回傳 Response（在進階文件中稍後會解釋）](../advanced/response-directly.md)。

# Response Cookies { #response-cookies }

## Use a `Response` parameter { #use-a-response-parameter }

You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function*.

And then you can set cookies in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1, 8:9] *}

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

And tools will also be happy because both `RedirectResponse` and `JSONResponse` are subclasses of `Response`, so the type annotation is correct.

### Annotate a Response Subclass { #annotate-a-response-subclass }

You can also use a subclass of `Response` in the type annotation:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03_py310.py hl[8:9] *}

///

It will:

* Return that status code in the response.
* Document it as such in the OpenAPI schema (and so, in the user interfaces):

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image01.png">

/// note

Some response codes (see the next section) indicate that the response does not have a body.

FastAPI knows this, and will produce OpenAPI docs that state there is no response body.

///

它們只是方便用的常數，值與數字相同，但這樣你可以用編輯器的自動完成來找到它們：

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png">

/// note | 技術細節

你也可以使用 `from starlette import status`。

**FastAPI** 將同一個 `starlette.status` 以 `fastapi.status` 形式提供，純粹是為了讓你（開發者）方便。但它直接來自 Starlette。

///

## 變更預設值 { #changing-the-default }

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png">

/// note | 技術詳細

また、`from starlette import status`を使うこともできます。

**FastAPI** は、開発者の利便性を考慮して、fastapi.statusと同じ`starlette.status`を提供しています。しかし、これはStarletteから直接提供されています。

///

## デフォルトの変更 { #changing-the-default }

For those cases, you can use a `Response` parameter.

## Use a `Response` parameter { #use-a-response-parameter }

You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function* (as you can do for cookies and headers).

And then you can set the `status_code` in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_change_status_code/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,9,12] *}