}

    /**
     * Returns whether the content is cached in memory.
     *
     * @return true if the content is in memory, false if it is in a file
     */
    public boolean isInMemory() {
        return data != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the content as a byte array.
     * If the content is cached in memory, a clone of the data is returned.

- **`CurlException`**: Unchecked RuntimeException for HTTP errors.

### I/O Layer

- **`ContentCache`**: In-memory or file-based caching. Implements `Closeable` and auto-deletes file cache on close.

- **`ContentOutputStream`**: Extends `DeferredFileOutputStream`. Writes to memory until threshold (default 1MB) exceeded, then spills to temp file.

## Technical Details

- **Java Version**: 17+

        // requireNonNull is safe because we always have either `file` or `memory`.
        requireNonNull(memory);
        return new ByteArrayInputStream(memory.getBuffer(), 0, memory.getCount());
      }
    }

    synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
      try {
        close();
      } finally {
        if (memory == null) {
          memory = new MemoryOutput();
        } else {
          memory.reset();

        cos.close();
        assertTrue(file.exists());
    }

    @Test
    public void testThresholdOne() throws IOException {
        // With threshold 1, writing 1 byte should stay in memory
        ContentOutputStream cos = new ContentOutputStream(1, Curl.tmpDir);
        cos.write(new byte[] { 1 });
        assertTrue(cos.isInMemory());
        assertFalse(cos.done);
        cos.close();
    }

        // Test that constructor accepts Error as cause (verifies Throwable parameter change)
        String message = "SSO login failed due to memory error";
        OutOfMemoryError error = new OutOfMemoryError("Not enough memory for SSO login");
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException(message, error);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());

          "build-cache",
          "flow-services",
          "input-tracking",
          "internal-integ-testing",
          "model-core",
          "persistent-cache",
          "process-memory-services",
          "scala",
          "snapshots",
          "testing-base-infrastructure"
        ],
        "parallelizationMethod": {
          "name": "TestDistribution"
        }
      },

        long memory1 = MemoryUtil.getUsedMemory();
        assertTrue(memory1 >= 0);

        // Create some objects to change memory usage
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        String[] largeArray = new String[1000];
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            largeArray[i] = "test" + i;
        }

        long memory2 = MemoryUtil.getUsedMemory();

        assertTrue(customException.getCause() instanceof FessSystemException);

        // Test with Error (not Exception)
        Throwable errorCause = new OutOfMemoryError("Out of memory");
        GsaConfigException errorException = new GsaConfigException("GSA memory error", errorCause);
        assertNotNull(errorException);
        assertTrue(errorException.getCause() instanceof OutOfMemoryError);
    }

        // Test that constructor accepts Error as cause (verifies Throwable parameter change)
        String message = "SSO process failed due to OutOfMemoryError";
        OutOfMemoryError error = new OutOfMemoryError("Insufficient memory for SSO processing");
        SsoProcessException exception = new SsoProcessException(message, error);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());

        // Test Error with abort flag
        String url = "http://example.com/critical-resource";
        String message = "Critical memory error during crawling";
        OutOfMemoryError error = new OutOfMemoryError("Cannot allocate memory");

        DataStoreCrawlingException exception = new DataStoreCrawlingException(url, message, error, true);

        assertEquals(url, exception.getUrl());