* @param min minimum value (inclusive)
     * @param max maximum value (inclusive)
     * @param fieldName field name for error reporting
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if value is out of range
     */
    public static void validateRange(long value, long min, long max, String fieldName) {
        if (value < min || value > max) {

            long timeEnd = measureEqualsTime(baseAuth, endAuth, TIMING_ITERATIONS);

            // Calculate relative timing differences
            double maxTime = Math.max(Math.max(timeStart, timeMiddle), timeEnd);
            double minTime = Math.min(Math.min(timeStart, timeMiddle), timeEnd);
            double timingRatio = (maxTime - minTime) / maxTime;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        // Create rate limiter with test-friendly settings
        rateLimiter = new AuthenticationRateLimiter(3, // max attempts per account
                5, // max attempts per IP
                20, // max global attempts per minute
                Duration.ofSeconds(2), // short lockout for testing
                Duration.ofMinutes(1) // cleanup interval
        );
    }

        if (this.maxTransactSize < 0 || this.maxTransactSize > 16777216) { // 16MB max
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException("Invalid maxTransactSize: " + this.maxTransactSize + " (must be 0-16777216)");
        }
        if (this.maxReadSize < 0 || this.maxReadSize > 16777216) { // 16MB max
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException("Invalid maxReadSize: " + this.maxReadSize + " (must be 0-16777216)");

    }

    /**
     * Create rate limiter with custom settings
     *
     * @param maxAttemptsPerAccount max failed attempts per account before lockout
     * @param maxAttemptsPerIp max attempts from single IP
     * @param maxGlobalAttemptsPerMinute max global attempts per minute
     * @param lockoutDuration duration to lock out account/IP
     * @param cleanupInterval interval for cleaning up old entries

    // Polling and backoff constants (in ms)
    private static final long MAX_POLL_INTERVAL = 5000; // Normal polling: max 5 seconds
    private static final long MAX_ERROR_BACKOFF = 30000; // Error polling: max 30 seconds
    private static final long BASE_POLL_INTERVAL = 1000;
    private static final long BASE_ERROR_DELAY = 1000;

                if (attempts > halfOpenMaxAttempts) {
                    log.warn("[{}] Exceeded max attempts in HALF_OPEN state, reopening circuit", name);
                    transitionTo(State.OPEN);
                    throw new CircuitOpenException("Circuit breaker '" + name + "' reopened after max attempts");
                }
            }

            try {
                T result = operation.get();

        // Test that readings respect max reading limit
        TestReadingConverterWithLimit limitConverter = new TestReadingConverterWithLimit();
        limitConverter.init();

        assertEquals(5, limitConverter.getMaxReadingNum());

        String text = "test";
        String field = "content";

        // Request more languages than max reading num

                if (retryDelayMs > 0) {
                    // Safe calculation preventing overflow: use Math.max(0, retryCount - 1) and limit shift
                    int safeShift = Math.min(MAX_BACKOFF_SHIFT, Math.max(0, retryCount - 1));
                    long multiplier = 1L << safeShift;
                    // Check for potential overflow before multiplication

        Integer nid = null;
        int max = this.transportContext.getConfig().getWinsServers().length;

        if (max == 0) {
            max = 1; /* No WINs, try only bcast addr */
        }

        synchronized (response) {
            while (max-- > 0) {
                try {
                    synchronized (this.LOCK) {