assertThat(ONE_VALUE_STATS.populationVariance()).isEqualTo(0.0);
    assertThat(Stats.of(POSITIVE_INFINITY).populationVariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(Stats.of(NEGATIVE_INFINITY).populationVariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(Stats.of(NaN).populationVariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(TWO_VALUES_STATS.populationVariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(TWO_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS / 2);

        assertWithMessage("mean of %s", values).that(mean).isNaN();
        assertWithMessage("mean by addAll(Stats) of %s", values).that(meanByAddAllStats).isNaN();
      } else if (values.hasAnyPositiveInfinity() && values.hasAnyNegativeInfinity()) {
        assertWithMessage("mean of %s", values).that(mean).isNaN();
        assertWithMessage("mean by addAll(Stats) of %s", values).that(meanByAddAllStats).isNaN();
      } else if (values.hasAnyPositiveInfinity()) {

        assertWithMessage("mean of %s", values).that(mean).isNaN();
        assertWithMessage("mean by addAll(Stats) of %s", values).that(meanByAddAllStats).isNaN();
      } else if (values.hasAnyPositiveInfinity() && values.hasAnyNegativeInfinity()) {
        assertWithMessage("mean of %s", values).that(mean).isNaN();
        assertWithMessage("mean by addAll(Stats) of %s", values).that(meanByAddAllStats).isNaN();
      } else if (values.hasAnyPositiveInfinity()) {

    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.NaN, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(TWO_VALUES_PAIRED_STATS.populationCovariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)

    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(createSingleStats(Double.NaN, 1.23).populationCovariance()).isNaN();
    assertThat(TWO_VALUES_PAIRED_STATS.populationCovariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)

      if (values.hasAnyNonFinite()) {
        assertWithMessage("population covariance of %s", values).that(populationCovariance).isNaN();
        assertWithMessage("population covariance by addAll(PairedStats) of %s", values)
            .that(populationCovarianceByAddAllPartitionedPairedStats)
            .isNaN();
      } else {
        assertWithMessage("population covariance of %s", values)
            .that(populationCovariance)

import static java.lang.Double.MAX_EXPONENT;
import static java.lang.Double.MIN_EXPONENT;
import static java.lang.Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
import static java.lang.Double.doubleToRawLongBits;
import static java.lang.Double.isNaN;
import static java.lang.Double.longBitsToDouble;
import static java.lang.Math.getExponent;
import static java.lang.Math.max;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

import warnings
from collections import deque
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from decimal import Decimal
from enum import Enum
from math import isinf, isnan
from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
from typing import TypedDict

import pytest
from fastapi._compat import Undefined
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from fastapi.exceptions import PydanticV1NotSupportedError

    assertThat(transformation.isHorizontal()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.isVertical()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.slope()).isNaN();
    assertThat(transformation.transform(0.0)).isNaN();
    assertThat(transformation.inverse()).isSameInstanceAs(transformation);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a {@link PairedStats} from with the given lists of {@code x} and {@code y} values,

    assertThat(transformation.isHorizontal()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.isVertical()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.slope()).isNaN();
    assertThat(transformation.transform(0.0)).isNaN();
    assertThat(transformation.inverse()).isSameInstanceAs(transformation);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a {@link PairedStats} from with the given lists of {@code x} and {@code y} values,