```Python
print(user_dict)
```

we would get a Python `dict` with:

```Python
{
    'username': 'john',
    'password': 'secret',
    'email': '******@****.***',
    'full_name': None,
}
```

#### Unpacking a `dict` { #unpacking-a-dict }

class Components(BaseModelWithConfig):
    schemas: dict[str, Schema | Reference] | None = None
    responses: dict[str, Response | Reference] | None = None
    parameters: dict[str, Parameter | Reference] | None = None
    examples: dict[str, Example | Reference] | None = None
    requestBodies: dict[str, RequestBody | Reference] | None = None
    headers: dict[str, Header | Reference] | None = None

    operation_ids: set[str],
    model_name_map: ModelNameMap,
    field_mapping: dict[
        tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], dict[str, Any]
    ],
    separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True,
) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
    path = {}
    security_schemes: dict[str, Any] = {}
    definitions: dict[str, Any] = {}
    assert route.methods is not None, "Methods must be a list"

    for item_def in cast(dict[str, dict[str, Any]], definitions).values():
        if "description" in item_def:
            item_description = cast(str, item_def["description"]).split("\f")[0]
            item_def["description"] = item_description
    # definitions: dict[DefsRef, dict[str, Any]]
    # but mypy complains about general str in other places that are not declared as

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[dict[str, bool], None]:
        state.app_startup = True
        yield {"app": True}
        state.app_shutdown = True

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def router_lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[dict[str, bool], None]:
        state.router_startup = True
        yield {"router": True}

```Python
{
    'username': 'john',
    'password': 'secret',
    'email': '******@****.***',
    'full_name': None,
}
```

#### 解包 `dict` { #unpacking-a-dict }

若將像 `user_dict` 這樣的 `dict` 以 `**user_dict` 傳給函式（或類別），Python 會將其「解包」，把 `user_dict` 的鍵和值直接當作具名引數傳入。

因此，延續上面的 `user_dict`，寫成：

```Python
UserInDB(**user_dict)
```

效果等同於：

```Python
UserInDB(
    username="john",

    return values


async def request_body_to_args(
    body_fields: list[ModelField],
    received_body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None,
    embed_body_fields: bool,
) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
    assert body_fields, "request_body_to_args() should be called with fields"

같은 방식으로 이 데이터베이스는 Pydantic 모델(속성이 있는 객체)을 받지 않고, `dict`만을 받습니다.

이를 위해 `jsonable_encoder`를 사용할 수 있습니다.

Pydantic 모델 같은 객체를 받고 JSON 호환 가능한 버전을 반환합니다:

{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

이 예시에서는 Pydantic 모델을 `dict`로, `datetime`을 `str`로 변환합니다.

이렇게 호출한 결과는 파이썬 표준인 [`json.dumps()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps)로 인코딩할 수 있습니다.

        // Test dictionary paths structure
        assertEquals("/admin/dict/admin_dict.jsp", FessHtmlPath.path_AdminDict_AdminDictJsp.getRoutingPath());
        assertEquals("/admin/dict/kuromoji/admin_dict_kuromoji.jsp",
                FessHtmlPath.path_AdminDictKuromoji_AdminDictKuromojiJsp.getRoutingPath());

The same way, this database wouldn't receive a Pydantic model (an object with attributes), only a `dict`.

You can use `jsonable_encoder` for that.

It receives an object, like a Pydantic model, and returns a JSON compatible version:

{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

In this example, it would convert the Pydantic model to a `dict`, and the `datetime` to a `str`.