@Override
        public String toString() {
          return "ByteStreams.nullOutputStream()";
        }
      };

  /**
   * Returns an {@link OutputStream} that simply discards written bytes.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 11+ users:</b> use {@link OutputStream#nullOutputStream()} instead. Note that the
   * {@link ByteStreams} method returns a singleton stream whose {@code close} method has no effect,

        NullPointerException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), null, 0, 10));

    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(null, b, 0, 10));

    assertThrows(
        IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), b, -1, 10));

    assertThrows(
        IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), b, 0, -1));

        NullPointerException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), null, 0, 10));

    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(null, b, 0, 10));

    assertThrows(
        IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), b, -1, 10));

    assertThrows(
        IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> ByteStreams.readFully(newTestStream(10), b, 0, -1));

    InputStream in = source.openStream();
    try {
      byte[] readBytes = ByteStreams.toByteArray(in);
      assertExpectedBytes(readBytes);
    } finally {
      in.close();
    }
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {
    InputStream in = source.openBufferedStream();
    try {
      byte[] readBytes = ByteStreams.toByteArray(in);
      assertExpectedBytes(readBytes);
    } finally {

    InputStream in = source.openStream();
    try {
      byte[] readBytes = ByteStreams.toByteArray(in);
      assertExpectedBytes(readBytes);
    } finally {
      in.close();
    }
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {
    InputStream in = source.openBufferedStream();
    try {
      byte[] readBytes = ByteStreams.toByteArray(in);
      assertExpectedBytes(readBytes);
    } finally {

    InputStream in = source.openBufferedStream();
    assertTrue(source.wasStreamOpened());
    assertFalse(source.wasStreamClosed());

    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    ByteStreams.copy(in, out);
    in.close();
    out.close();

    assertTrue(source.wasStreamClosed());
    assertArrayEquals(bytes, out.toByteArray());
  }

  public void testSize() throws IOException {

    InputStream in = source.openBufferedStream();
    assertTrue(source.wasStreamOpened());
    assertFalse(source.wasStreamClosed());

    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    ByteStreams.copy(in, out);
    in.close();
    out.close();

    assertTrue(source.wasStreamClosed());
    assertArrayEquals(bytes, out.toByteArray());
  }

  public void testSize() throws IOException {

    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    Inet4Address server = getInet4Address(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 4, 8));

    int flags = ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes, 8).readShort() & 0xffff;

    // Teredo obfuscates the mapped client port, per section 4 of the RFC.
    int port = ~ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes, 10).readShort() & 0xffff;

    byte[] clientBytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 12, 16);

   *
   * <p>If you need to convert and concatenate several values (possibly even of different types),
   * use a shared {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer} instance, or use {@link
   * com.google.common.io.ByteStreams#newDataOutput()} to get a growable buffer.
   */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(int value) {
    return new byte[] {
      (byte) (value >> 24), (byte) (value >> 16), (byte) (value >> 8), (byte) value
    };