}

    /**
     * Validates array is not null and has expected length
     *
     * @param array the array to validate
     * @param expectedLength the expected length
     * @param fieldName the field name for error reporting
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if array is invalid
     */
    public static void validateArrayLength(byte[] array, int expectedLength, String fieldName) {

        assertEquals(testPassword, auth.getPassword());

        // Check that char array method works
        char[] passwordArray = auth.getPasswordAsCharArray();
        assertNotNull(passwordArray);
        assertArrayEquals(testPassword.toCharArray(), passwordArray);

        // Verify that returned array is a copy
        Arrays.fill(passwordArray, 'X');
        assertEquals(testPassword, auth.getPassword());
    }

    /// Squash bytes down to ints.
    /**
     * Converts bytes to integers for internal DES processing
     * @param inBytes the input byte array
     * @param inOff the offset into the input array
     * @param outInts the output integer array
     * @param outOff the offset into the output array
     * @param intLen the number of integers to convert
     */

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test get password as char array")
    void testGetPasswordAsCharArray() {
        String testPassword = "securePassword456";
        authenticator = new NtlmPasswordAuthenticator("DOMAIN", "username", testPassword);

        char[] password = authenticator.getPasswordAsCharArray();
        assertNotNull(password, "Password char array should not be null");

      throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("Required array size too large: " + longSize);
    }

    char[] array = new char[size];
    string.getChars(0, len, array, 0);
    int n;
    for (n = len; n < size - n; n <<= 1) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, array, n, n);
    }
    System.arraycopy(array, 0, array, n, size - n);
    return new String(array);
  }

  /**

        }

        // Check total memory allocation
        long totalSize = (long) size * (long) elementSize;
        long maxAllocation = 100 * 1024 * 1024; // 100MB max

        if (totalSize > maxAllocation) {
            failedValidations.incrementAndGet();
            log.warn("Array allocation too large: {} bytes", totalSize);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test array length validation")
    void testArrayLengthValidation() {
        byte[] array = new byte[16];
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> InputValidator.validateArrayLength(array, 16, "test"));

        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> InputValidator.validateArrayLength(null, 16, "test"));

    /**
     * Static utility to securely wipe a byte array
     *
     * @param array the array to wipe
     */
    public static void secureWipe(byte[] array) {
        if (array != null) {
            Arrays.fill(array, (byte) 0);
            // Additional passes with different patterns for enhanced security
            Arrays.fill(array, (byte) 0xFF);
            Arrays.fill(array, (byte) 0xAA);

     * differences are found, making the execution time independent of the position
     * of differing characters.
     *
     * @param a first char array to compare
     * @param b second char array to compare
     * @return true if arrays are equal, false otherwise
     */
    private static boolean constantTimeEquals(char[] a, char[] b) {
        if (a == null && b == null) {

        SecretKey tempKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
        return new SecretKeySpec(tempKey.getEncoded(), KEY_ALGORITHM);
    }

    /**
     * Convert char array to byte array (UTF-8)
     */
    private byte[] charsToBytes(char[] chars) {
        if (chars == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // Use UTF-8 encoding