String result = DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("http://example.com/{id}");
        assertEquals("http://example.com/%7Bid%7D", result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_encodeUrl_unicodeChars() {
        // Non-ASCII characters are percent-encoded; encoding depends on request context
        String result = DocumentUtil.encodeUrl("http://example.com/\u00D6sterreich");