private static final ListenerCallQueue.Event<Listener> STARTING_EVENT =
      new ListenerCallQueue.Event<Listener>() {
        @Override
        public void call(Listener listener) {
          listener.starting();
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
          return "starting()";
        }
      };

          @Override
          protected String serviceName() {
            return "Foo";
          }
        };
    TimeoutException e =
        assertThrows(
            TimeoutException.class,
            () -> service.startAsync().awaitRunning(1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
    assertThat(e)
        .hasMessageThat()
        .isEqualTo("Timed out waiting for Foo [STARTING] to reach the RUNNING state.");
  }

      }
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void starting() {
      assertTrue(stateHistory.isEmpty());
      assertNotSame(State.NEW, service.state());
      stateHistory.add(State.STARTING);
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void running() {
      assertEquals(State.STARTING, Iterables.getOnlyElement(stateHistory));
      stateHistory.add(State.RUNNING);

      }
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void starting() {
      assertTrue(stateHistory.isEmpty());
      assertNotSame(State.NEW, service.state());
      stateHistory.add(State.STARTING);
    }

    @Override
    public synchronized void running() {
      assertEquals(State.STARTING, Iterables.getOnlyElement(stateHistory));
      stateHistory.add(State.RUNNING);

      "FINE: Q10000 scheduled after 100 µs: task",
      "FINE: Q10000 starting              : task",
      "FINE: Q10000 run again after  50 µs: task",
      "FINE: Q10000 finished run in   0 µs: task",
      "FINE: Q10000 starting              : task",
      "FINE: Q10000 run again after 150 µs: task",
      "FINE: Q10000 finished run in   0 µs: task",
      "FINE: Q10000 starting              : task",
      "FINE: Q10000 finished run in   0 µs: task",

    /**
     * Called when the service transitions from {@linkplain State#NEW NEW} to {@linkplain
     * State#STARTING STARTING}. This occurs when {@link Service#startAsync} is called the first
     * time.
     */
    public void starting() {}

    /**
     * Called when the service transitions from {@linkplain State#STARTING STARTING} to {@linkplain
     * State#RUNNING RUNNING}. This occurs when a service has successfully started.
     */

          @Override
          protected String serviceName() {
            return "Foo";
          }
        };
    TimeoutException e =
        assertThrows(
            TimeoutException.class,
            () -> service.startAsync().awaitRunning(1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
    assertThat(e)
        .hasMessageThat()
        .isEqualTo("Timed out waiting for Foo [STARTING] to reach the RUNNING state.");
  }

      this.state = state;
    }

    @Override
    public void starting() {
      ServiceManagerState state = this.state.get();
      if (state != null) {
        state.transitionService(service, NEW, STARTING);
        if (!(service instanceof NoOpService)) {
          logger.get().log(Level.FINE, "Starting {0}.", service);
        }
      }
    }

    @Override
    public void running() {

## Previous Steps Before Starting

There are many cases where you want to perform some steps **before starting** your application.

For example, you might want to run **database migrations**.

But in most cases, you will want to perform these steps only **once**.

So, you will want to have a **single process** to perform those **previous steps**, before starting the application.

    String[] in = new String[0];
    String[] empty = ObjectArrays.newArray(in, 0);
    assertThat(empty).isEmpty();
  }

  public void testNewArray_fromArray_Nonempty() {
    String[] array = ObjectArrays.newArray(new String[0], 2);
    assertEquals(String[].class, array.getClass());
    assertThat(array).hasLength(2);
    assertNull(array[0]);
  }

  public void testNewArray_fromArray_OfArray() {