format.formatRate(builder, 5500.0); // 5.5 kB/s
        assertEquals("5.5 kB/s", builder.build());

        // Test exact unit thresholds
        builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 1000.0); // 1 kB/s
        assertEquals("1.0 kB/s", builder.build());

        builder = new DefaultMessageBuilder();
        format.formatRate(builder, 1000000.0); // 1 MB/s

            double seconds = nanos / (double) TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1); // Convert to fractional seconds
            double bytesPerSecond = contentLength / seconds;
            message.append(" at ");
            format.formatRate(message, bytesPerSecond);
        }

        message.append(')').resetStyle();
        out.println(message);
    }

        format(builder, size, null, false);
    }

    public void format(MessageBuilder builder, long size, ScaleUnit unit) {
        format(builder, size, unit, false);
    }

    public void formatRate(MessageBuilder builder, double rate) {
        // Handle invalid rates gracefully (including negative values)
        if (Double.isNaN(rate) || Double.isInfinite(rate) || rate < 0) {
            builder.append("? B/s");

        SnapshotVersion sv2 =
                addSnapshotVersion(source.getVersioning(), "jar", after, "1.0-" + formatDate(after, true) + "-2", 2);
        SnapshotVersion sv3 =
                addSnapshotVersion(source.getVersioning(), "pom", after, "1.0-" + formatDate(after, true) + "-2", 2);
        assertTrue(target.merge(source));
        Versioning actualVersioning = target.getVersioning();

        .Builder()
        .addHeader("Last-Modified: " + formatDate(-1, TimeUnit.HOURS))
        .addHeader("Expires: " + formatDate(1, TimeUnit.HOURS))
        .body("ABC")
        .build(),
    )
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse
        .Builder()
        .addHeader("Last-Modified: " + formatDate(-5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
        .addHeader("Expires: " + formatDate(2, TimeUnit.HOURS))
        .body("DEF")
        .build(),

          headersOf(
            "Last-Modified",
            formatDate(-1, TimeUnit.HOURS)!!,
            "Expires",
            formatDate(1, TimeUnit.HOURS)!!,
          ),
        body = "ABC.1",
      ),
    )
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse(
        headers =
          headersOf(
            "Last-Modified",
            formatDate(-1, TimeUnit.HOURS)!!,
            "Expires",

                final Map<String, String> params = new LinkedHashMap<>();
                params.put("User Info ID", e.getId());
                params.put("Created Time", FessFunctions.formatDate(e.getCreatedAt()));
                params.put("Updated Time", FessFunctions.formatDate(e.getUpdatedAt()));
                return params;
            }).get();
        }
        if (SearchLogPager.LOG_TYPE_CLICK.equalsIgnoreCase(logType)) {

    </example>
  </function>

  <function>
    <description>
      Returns formatted date from a given value.
    </description>
    <name>formatDate</name>
    <function-class>org.codelibs.fess.taglib.FessFunctions</function-class>
    <function-signature>java.lang.String formatDate(java.time.ZonedDateTime, java.lang.String)</function-signature>
    <example>
      ${fe:formatDate(d, 'yyyy')}
    </example>
  </function>

     *
     * @param date the date to format
     * @return formatted date string, or empty string if date is null
     */
    public static String formatDate(final Date date) {
        if (date == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY;
        }
        final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(Constants.ISO_DATETIME_FORMAT);

     */
    protected StringBuilder appendTimestamp(final StringBuilder buf) {
        final SystemHelper systemHelper = ComponentUtil.getSystemHelper();
        append(buf, "timestamp", () -> FessFunctions.formatDate(systemHelper.getCurrentTime()));
        return buf;
    }

    /**
     * Appends exception information to the buffer.
     *
     * @param buf the string buffer to append to