# Testing a Database

You can study about databases, SQL, and SQLModel in the <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel docs</a>. 🤓

There's a mini <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/tutorial/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">tutorial on using SQLModel with FastAPI</a>. ✨

Guilherme Rameh <******@****.***> 1729253044 -0300

    By having the type as `int | None`, SQLModel will know that this column should be an `INTEGER` in the SQL database and that it should be `NULLABLE`.

* `Field(index=True)` tells SQLModel that it should create a **SQL index** for this column, that would allow faster lookups in the database when reading data filtered by this column.

---> 100%
```

</div>

## ✍ 🇸🇲 🍕

➡️ 🔗 📁 `sql_app/database.py`.

### 🗄 🇸🇲 🍕

```Python hl_lines="1-3"
{!../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!}
```

### ✍ 💽 📛 🇸🇲

```Python hl_lines="5-6"
{!../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!}
```

👉 🖼, 👥 "🔗" 🗄 💽 (📂 📁 ⏮️ 🗄 💽).

📁 🔜 🔎 🎏 📁 📁 `sql_app.db`.

	Username           string    `json:"username"` // default: user running minio
	Password           string    `json:"password"` // default: no password
	Database           string    `json:"database"` // default: same as user
	QueueDir           string    `json:"queueDir"`
	QueueLimit         uint64    `json:"queueLimit"`
	MaxOpenConnections int       `json:"maxOpenConnections"`
}

	sqlserverDSN = "sqlserver://sa:LoremIpsum86@localhost:9930?database=master"
	tidbDSN      = "root:@tcp(localhost:9940)/test?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
)

func init() {
	var err error
	if DB, err = OpenTestConnection(&gorm.Config{}); err != nil {
		log.Printf("failed to connect database, got error %v", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	} else {
		sqlDB, err := DB.DB()
		if err != nil {

---> 100%
```

</div>

## 创建 SQLAlchemy 部件

让我们转到文件`sql_app/database.py`。

### 导入 SQLAlchemy 部件

```Python hl_lines="1-3"
{!../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!}
```

### 为 SQLAlchemy 定义数据库 URL地址

```Python hl_lines="5-6"
{!../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!}
```

在这个例子中，我们正在“连接”到一个 SQLite 数据库（用 SQLite 数据库打开一个文件）。

    - 🧰 [SQLModel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com) for the Python SQL database interactions (ORM).
    - 🔍 [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev), used by FastAPI, for the data validation and settings management.
    - 💾 [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) as the SQL database.
- 🚀 [React](https://react.dev) for the frontend.

pkg database/sql, method (*NullByte) Scan(interface{}) error
pkg database/sql, method (*NullInt16) Scan(interface{}) error
pkg database/sql, method (NullByte) Value() (driver.Value, error)
pkg database/sql, method (NullInt16) Value() (driver.Value, error)
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Byte uint8
pkg database/sql, type NullByte struct, Valid bool

	Host               xnet.URL `json:"host"`
	Port               string   `json:"port"`
	User               string   `json:"user"`
	Password           string   `json:"password"`
	Database           string   `json:"database"`
	QueueDir           string   `json:"queueDir"`
	QueueLimit         uint64   `json:"queueLimit"`
	MaxOpenConnections int      `json:"maxOpenConnections"`
}

// Validate MySQLArgs fields