* @return the {@code byte} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Byte#MAX_VALUE} or
   *     less than {@link Byte#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static byte checkedCast(long value) {
    byte result = (byte) value;
    checkArgument(result == value, "Out of range: %s", value);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code byte} nearest in value to {@code value}.
   *

   * @return the {@code byte} value that, when treated as unsigned, equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is negative or greater than 255
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public static byte checkedCast(long value) {
    checkArgument(value >> Byte.SIZE == 0, "out of range: %s", value);
    return (byte) value;
  }

  /**

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is negative or greater than or equal to
   *     2<sup>32</sup>
   * @since 21.0
   */
  public static int checkedCast(long value) {
    checkArgument((value >> Integer.SIZE) == 0, "out of range: %s", value);
    return (int) value;
  }

  /**

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Character#MAX_VALUE}
   *     or less than {@link Character#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static char checkedCast(long value) {
    char result = (char) value;
    checkArgument(result == value, "Out of range: %s", value);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code char} nearest in value to {@code value}.
   *

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Short#MAX_VALUE} or
   *     less than {@link Short#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static short checkedCast(long value) {
    short result = (short) value;
    checkArgument(result == value, "Out of range: %s", value);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code short} nearest in value to {@code value}.
   *

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} or
   *     less than {@link Integer#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static int checkedCast(long value) {
    int result = (int) value;
    checkArgument(result == value, "Out of range: %s", value);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code int} nearest in value to {@code value}.
   *

  @BeforeExperiment
  void setUp() {
    // random integers will be generated in this range, then raised to the
    // power of (1/concentration) and floor()ed
    max = Ints.checkedCast((long) Math.pow(distinctKeys, concentration));

    cache =
        CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .concurrencyLevel(segments)
            .maximumSize(maximumSize)
            .build(

  private static final byte GREATEST = Byte.MAX_VALUE;

  private static final byte[] VALUES = {LEAST, -1, 0, 1, GREATEST};

  public void testCheckedCast() {
    for (byte value : VALUES) {
      assertThat(SignedBytes.checkedCast((long) value)).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(GREATEST + 1L);
    assertCastFails(LEAST - 1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }

    for (long value : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      assertThat(UnsignedInts.toLong(UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(1L << 32);
    assertCastFails(-1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }

  private static void assertCastFails(long value) {
    try {
      UnsignedInts.checkedCast(value);
      fail("Cast to int should have failed: " + value);

    assertThat(UnsignedBytes.toInt((byte) -1)).isEqualTo(255);
  }

  public void testCheckedCast() {
    for (byte value : VALUES) {
      assertThat(UnsignedBytes.checkedCast(toUnsignedInt(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(256L);
    assertCastFails(-1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }