c.Control(func(fdPtr uintptr) {
			// got socket file descriptor to set parameters.
			fd := int(fdPtr)

			_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(fd, unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

			_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(fd, unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)

			// Enable custom socket send/recv buffers.
			if opts.SendBufSize > 0 {
				_ = unix.SetsockoptInt(fd, unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_SNDBUF, opts.SendBufSize)
			}

			if opts.RecvBufSize > 0 {

	}
	return &NetnsWrapper{innerNetns: n, inode: i}, nil
}

func NetnsSet(n NetnsFd) error {
	if err := unix.Setns(int(n.Fd()), unix.CLONE_NEWNET); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Error switching to ns fd %v: %v", n.Fd(), err)
	}
	return nil
}

// inspired by netns.Do() but with an existing fd.
func NetnsDo(fdable NetnsFd, toRun func() error) error {
	containedCall := func() error {
		threadNS, err := netns.GetCurrentNS()

import "io"

type NetnsFd interface {
	Fd() uintptr
}

type Netns interface {
	NetnsFd
	Inode() uint64
}
type NetnsCloser interface {
	io.Closer
	Netns
}

type NetnsWithFd struct {
	netns io.Closer
	fd    uintptr
	inode uint64
}

func (n *NetnsWithFd) Close() error {
	if n.netns == nil {
		return nil
	}

	ret := n.netns.Close()

	}
	return nil
}

// openFileWithFD return 'fd' based file descriptor
func openFileWithFD(name string, flag int, perm os.FileMode) (fd int, err error) {
	switch flag & writeMode {
	case writeMode:
		defer updateOSMetrics(osMetricOpenFileWFd, name)(err)
	default:
		defer updateOSMetrics(osMetricOpenFileRFd, name)(err)
	}
	var e error
	fd, e = syscall.Open(name, flag|syscall.O_CLOEXEC, uint32(perm))
	if e != nil {

	data, err := proto.Marshal(msg)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return z.sendDataAndWaitForAck(data, fd)
}

func (z *ZtunnelConnection) sendDataAndWaitForAck(data []byte, fd *int) (*zdsapi.WorkloadResponse, error) {
	var rights []byte
	if fd != nil {
		rights = unix.UnixRights(*fd)
	}

type fakeNs struct {
	closed *atomic.Bool
	fd     uintptr
	inode  uint64
}

func newFakeNs(fd uintptr) *fakeNs {
	// the fake inode is the fd! magic.
	return &fakeNs{closed: &atomic.Bool{}, fd: fd, inode: uint64(fd)}
}

func newFakeNsInode(fd uintptr, inode uint64) *fakeNs {
	return &fakeNs{closed: &atomic.Bool{}, fd: fd, inode: inode}
}

// Fd returns the file descriptor
func (f *fakeNs) Fd() uintptr {

	return directio.OpenFile(filePath, flag, perm)
}

// DisableDirectIO - disables directio mode.
func DisableDirectIO(f *os.File) error {
	fd := f.Fd()
	flag, err := unix.FcntlInt(fd, unix.F_GETFL, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	flag &= ^(syscall.O_DIRECT)
	_, err = unix.FcntlInt(fd, unix.F_SETFL, flag)
	return err
}

// AlignedBlock - pass through to directio implementation.
func AlignedBlock(blockSize int) []byte {

  @Test
  fun testFileDescriptor() {
    assertOnFileDescriptor { fd ->
      val requestBody = fd.toRequestBody()

      assertThat(requestBody.contentLength()).isEqualTo(-1L)
      assertThat(requestBody.isOneShot()).isEqualTo(true)
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun testFileDescriptorRead() {
    assertOnFileDescriptor(content = "Hello") { fd ->
      val requestBody = fd.toRequestBody()

      val buffer = Buffer()

					return;
				}
				const n = this.writeSync(fd, buf);
				callback(null, n);
			},
			chmod(path, mode, callback) { callback(enosys()); },
			chown(path, uid, gid, callback) { callback(enosys()); },
			close(fd, callback) { callback(enosys()); },
			fchmod(fd, mode, callback) { callback(enosys()); },
			fchown(fd, uid, gid, callback) { callback(enosys()); },
			fstat(fd, callback) { callback(enosys()); },

	return directio.OpenFile(filePath, flag, perm)
}

// DisableDirectIO - disables directio mode.
func DisableDirectIO(f *os.File) error {
	fd := f.Fd()
	_, err := unix.FcntlInt(fd, unix.F_NOCACHE, 0)
	return err
}

// AlignedBlock - pass through to directio implementation.
func AlignedBlock(blockSize int) []byte {
	return directio.AlignedBlock(blockSize)